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Defense News ,UK :-  The UK Minister for Defence Procurement, James Cartlidge, has unveiled the next stage of the New Medium Helicopter (NMH) Programme, an initiative aimed at acquiring a modern medium-lift support helicopter. This innovative approach involves consolidating up to five rotary wing requirements into a single aircraft type, streamlining capabilities and enhancing operational efficiency.The NMH Programme is designed to provide the Armed Forces with a versatile medium lift aircraft capable of executing various Defence tasks across different environments, ranging from warfighting to humanitarian efforts globally.During the International Military Helicopter conference in London, the Ministry of Defence released the Invitation to Negotiate, marking a crucial step in the competition. The three NMH candidate suppliers—Airbus Helicopters UK, Leonardo Helicopters UK, and Lockheed Martin UK—will now prepare their bids for evaluation by the Ministry of Defence, with the contract award anticipated in 2025, subject to Government approvals.Minister James Cartlidge emphasized the NMH's significance in supporting military operations and expressed satisfaction with reaching this pivotal stage in the program. The competition prioritizes criteria essential for securing rotary wing Operational Independence, enabling swift responses to emerging threats in a highly contested world.Furthermore, the NMH competition encompasses vital industrial considerations, including design, production, manufacture, and export potential. This approach ensures that the NMH contract not only addresses the immediate operational needs but also invests in long-term UK skills, aligning with the UK Government's commitment to the Defence & Security Industrial Strategy.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-28 07:22:11

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Defense News ,Philippine :-  In a significant move under the Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program, the US Department of Defense has successfully handed over a C-130H Hercules military transport aircraft to the Philippine Air Force. The aircraft made its journey from Waco, Texas, to the Clark Air Base in Mabalacat, Pampanga, under the command of a skilled US aircrew and was greeted with a ceremonial water cannon salute upon landing.This delivery marks the second cargo plane provided by the US government to the Philippines through the EDA framework, reinforcing the bilateral defense ties between the two nations. Col. Maria Consuelo Castillo, spokesperson for the Philippine Air Force, emphasized the positive impact of this acquisition, stating that the C-130H Hercules will enhance the cargo airlift fleet and play a crucial role in supporting humanitarian assistance, disaster relief operations, and various military missions.Formal turnover and acceptance ceremonies for the newly acquired aircraft are anticipated to take place in either February or March, as announced by the Philippine Air Force.The EDA program, managed by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, facilitates the transfer of surplus military assets from the US military's existing stockpile to allied nations. These transfers, either through foreign military sales or donations, contribute to the modernization efforts of partner nations. The assets, provided at reduced prices based on their condition, are subject to an "as is, where is" policy, placing responsibility on the receiving party for logistics, transport requirements, and optional refurbishments.In addition to the recent C-130H Hercules delivery, the Philippine Air Force is set to bolster its fleet further with the acquisition of three new C-130J Super Hercules aircraft, as announced in October 2023. This strategic move is part of a joint effort by the US and its Asia Pacific ally to counteract Beijing's ongoing military activities in the South China Sea. Lockheed Martin is expected to deliver two of the C-130J aircraft in 2026, with the remaining one scheduled for 2027. The total value of this sale has not been disclosed by the Philippine Department of Defense.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-28 07:12:52

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Defense News ,Finland :- The NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) orchestrated the 10th Night Vision Surveillance Equipment (NVSE) Conference from February 13-15, held in Rovaniemi, Finland and hosted by the Finnish Defense Forces. This gathering brought together military experts, NSPA specialists, and NVSE manufacturers from various NATO countries.Fifty national delegates representing 16 NATO nations and associated states, along with NATO specialists and 14 prominent industry players, convened at the NVSE Conference. The primary focus of discussions was on the latest advancements in Night Vision and Optoelectronics (NVO) technologies, with a particular emphasis on sniper clip-on devices and augmented reality. Thermal sights, along with auxiliary sniper equipment such as spotter scopes, weather stations, and ballistic calculators, were also explored.Attendees seized the opportunity to exchange operational, technical, and logistics information crucial for the acquisition and in-service support of the latest generation NVO. NSPA representatives provided insights into the support offered to nations through the NVO Support Partnership, highlighting procurement best practices, opportunities, and trends in the domain. Additionally, Finland showcased its Logistical Support capabilities during the conference.The two-day event seamlessly blended briefings, presentations, exhibitions, and live demonstrations at the Rovajärvi training area near the Arctic Circle. Industry representatives not only explained cutting-edge solutions but also encouraged participants to test sniper equipment mounted on rifles in challenging northern weather conditions.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-28 06:54:39

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Defense News ,U.S , Ukraine War :- The White House shared on Tuesday that the United States won't be sending soldiers to Ukraine, following French President Emmanuel Macron's consideration of deploying Western forces.According to National Security Council spokeswoman Adrienne Watson, President Joe Biden has been firm about not sending troops to fight in Ukraine. The only US military personnel in Ukraine are at the American embassy in Kyiv, working on ensuring accountability for weapons provided to Ukraine, as mentioned by National Security Council spokesman John Kirby.Contrary to suggestions by French Foreign Minister Stephane Sejourne, Kirby clarified that US troops won't be sent for demining, arms production, or cyber operations. He emphasized that the decision to send troops to Ukraine is a "sovereign decision" for France or any other NATO country.Addressing other potential purposes like training, State Department spokesman Matthew Miller stated that the Biden administration opposes any deployment of troops to Ukraine. Both the White House and the State Department emphasized that the priority is for Congress to approve new military aid to Ukraine.Miller stressed, "We're not sending boots on the ground in Ukraine. The president's been very clear." However, there is a challenge in the House of Representatives, where Speaker Mike Johnson, a supporter of former President Donald Trump, has not allowed a vote on Biden's request for approximately $60 billion for Ukraine.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-28 06:43:39

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Defense News ,Taiwan :- Eleven Chinese naval vessels were detected around Taiwan, Taipei's defence ministry said on Wednesday, the highest number this year as a row between the island and China over a fatal fishing boat incident drags on.A Chinese speedboat carrying four people capsized on February 14 near Taiwan's Kinmen islands while being pursued by the Taiwanese coast guard, throwing all on board into the water.Two of the crew died and two others were rescued and temporarily detained in Kinmen -- a territory administered by Taipei but located just five kilometres (three miles) from China's city of Xiamen.The incident occurred against a backdrop of already-heightened tensions between China and Taiwan, a self-ruled island that Beijing claims as part of its territory.A survivor reportedly claimed the boat was "rammed" after returning to the mainland, though Taiwan insists the coast guard was following legitimate procedures.In the 24 hours leading up to 6:00 am on Wednesday (2200 GMT Tuesday), Taiwan's defence ministry said China sent 15 warplanes, 11 naval vessels and one balloon into the waters and skies around the island.The ministry said at least 15 more Chinese warplanes had been detected since then.The number of Chinese naval ships was more than the usual four to six spotted in a 24-hour window, and the highest so far this year, according to Taiwan's official data.In December, 11 Chinese naval vessels were detected around Taiwan in the run-up to its January presidential elections -- won by Lai Ching-te, whom Beijing has called a "separatist".On Monday, one Chinese maritime surveillance ship and four Chinese coast guard boats briefly entered prohibited or restricted waters around Kinmen, according to Kuan Bi-ling, minister of Taiwan's Ocean Affairs Council, which supervises the coast guard.Beijing has accused Taiwanese authorities of "seeking to evade their responsibilities and hide the truth" about the February 14 incident, while a Taiwanese coast guard official has said the boat involved was zigzagging, "lost its balance and capsized" while trying to evade a patrol vessel.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-28 06:36:25

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Defense News ,Australia :-  Elbit Systems has won a $600 million contract to provide advanced defense capabilities for Australia's Redback infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). The deal, part of the Australian Land 400 Phase 3 Project, involves delivering a sensor suite and enhanced protection features over the next five years.Elbit Systems' President and CEO, Bezhalel Machlis, expressed commitment to delivering top-notch solutions for the Australian Army, emphasizing the importance of supplying cutting-edge technologies for troop safety on the modern battlefield.The Redback IFV, developed by Hanwha Aerospace Australian subsidiary, boasts improved performance, firepower, and protection to meet the demands of contemporary warfare. With a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour, the vehicle can accommodate up to 11 individuals and is equipped with a 30mm cannon and a 7.62mm machine gun.Australia plans to invest between $18 to $27 billion to acquire 450 IFVs, replacing its M113 armored personnel carriers.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 16:33:03

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Science , Russia :- Russian President Vladimir Putin has shared exciting news about the progress made by Russian scientists in developing vaccines for cancer. He mentioned that these vaccines could be available for patients soon. During a televised forum on future technologies in Moscow, Putin stated, "We have come very close to the creation of so-called cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory drugs of a new generation."While Putin didn't specify the types of cancer the vaccines would target or how they would work, he expressed hope that these vaccines would be used effectively as individual therapy methods.Currently, there are six licensed vaccines against human papillomaviruses (HPV) that can cause various cancers, including cervical cancer, according to the World Health Organization. Additionally, vaccines against hepatitis B (HBV), a virus that can lead to liver cancer, are available.Several countries and companies are actively working on cancer vaccines. The UK government, for instance, has partnered with Germany-based BioNTech to launch clinical trials for personalized cancer treatments, aiming to help 10,000 patients by 2030. Pharmaceutical companies Moderna and Merck & Co are also in the process of developing an experimental cancer vaccine that has shown promising results in reducing the chance of recurrence or death from melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer.The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released estimates on World Cancer Day, revealing that about 1 in 5 people develop cancer in their lifetime, with 1 in 9 men and 1 in 12 women succumbing to the disease. In 2022, cancer claimed 9.7 million lives, and close to 20 million new cases were detected globally.According to WHO, lung cancer tops the list as the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide, with 2.5 million new cases, accounting for 12.4% of total new cases. Female breast cancer ranks second, followed by colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and stomach cancer. The global burden of cancer underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts, innovative treatments, and comprehensive prevention strategies to ease its impact on societies worldwide.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 16:25:46

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Defense News ,Czech :-  Aero, the largest Czech aircraft manufacturer, stands proudly at its 105th anniversary, a testament to its enduring legacy since its establishment on February 25, 1919. Over the years, Aero has crafted more than 11,000 aircraft, including iconic models like the L-29 Delfín, L-39 Albatros, L-159 ALKA, and the contemporary L-39NG. With a global reach spanning 60 countries and a cumulative flight time surpassing 13 million hours, Aero has become a stalwart in the aerospace industry. As a member of the Aerospace Industry Association of the Czech Republic (ALKP), Aero currently employs over 1,700 individuals at its production plant in Vodochody and a development center in Brno.Not merely confined to its illustrious past, Aero emerges today as a beacon of modernity and innovation. Distinguished as one of the few global manufacturers capable of developing and producing military jet aircraft entirely, Aero has achieved financial stability in recent years. The company presently thrives on three primary production pillars – the L-39NG aircraft, comprehensive overhaul programs, and the production of components for esteemed entities such as Airbus and Embraer.Viktor Sotona, President and Chairman of the Board of Aero, reflects on the company's rich heritage, stating, "Aero is one of the oldest aircraft factories globally, having produced an unimaginable 11,000 aircraft. I am happy that we have managed to stabilize Aero and preserve the unique Czech heritage for future generations. We want to continue this historical legacy with the L-39NG and always deliver the most appropriate systems, technology, and support to military pilots and air forces, making our world a safer place."In a bid to further enhance its capabilities, Aero has undertaken strategic initiatives in recent years. The year 2023 witnessed an expansion of the production capacity of the L-39NG trainer at the Vodochody plant, coupled with the inauguration of a new development center in Brno. Notably, the company initiated the production of L-39NGs for the state-owned LOM Praha, earmarked for training Czech military pilots. Moreover, Aero has ventured into strategic research and development partnerships with prominent Czech universities, including the Czech Technical University, Brno University of Technology, and the University of Defence in Brno.As the company strides into 2024, Aero has plans for a significant uptick in the production of wing leading edges for the Airbus A220. Additionally, it has secured a pivotal role as Embraer's main partner in the Czech Republic for the production of C-390 aircraft, intended for the Czech Army. Collaborations with entities like Draken, utilizing the L-159 fleet for training fighter pilots on F-16 or F-35 aircraft, underscore Aero's strategic framework for sustained growth.Unveiling Aero's Journey Through TimeBeginnings: 1919-1923Aero's inception in 1919, shortly after the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state, marked the genesis of an aviation legacy. Among its initial designs were the A-1 military aircraft for pilot training and the Ae-02 combat aircraft, which secured victory in the Aeroklub competition. Noteworthy creations included the A-10, the first Czech transport aircraft, and the A-14 reconnaissance and training aircraft. During this period, Josef Novák, the longstanding factory chief pilot, achieved remarkable feats, flying 30 new aircraft, holding nine national aviation records, and securing three confirmed kills in World War I.Expansion: 1923-1938Aero's growth saw a pivotal move to a new factory in Vysočany in 1923, where it began producing a diverse range of aircraft for military and civilian use. The A-11 family of military biplanes, along with innovations like the A-32 observation aircraft and light bomber, showcased Aero's prowess. The Bata Shoe Factory's acquisition of two machines for passenger and goods transport marked a milestone, placing them among the world's first corporate aircraft. The first flight of the "Spacek" in 2023 marked a historic event, as the Aero A-18 fighter took to the skies.War Production: 1938-1944The tumultuous years of war disrupted Aero's trajectory, forcing the cessation of new aircraft production. The occupation compelled local aircraft factories to supply planes to Germany, relegating Aero to mass-produce German machines like the Bücker – Bü31 Jungmann and the C-3 and Siebel Si-204D. The establishment of Vodochody Airport in 1942, now a non-public international airport, played a role in sustaining wartime aviation needs.Post-War Production: 1945-1958Post-World War II, Aero rebounded with the development of the successful Ae-45, a four-seat, twin-engine aircraft produced in various versions between 1948 and 1962. In 1953, Aero moved to Vodochody, initiating the production of MiG jet fighters under Soviet license. The production of MiG-15, MiG-19, and MiG-21 aircraft between 1954 and 1972 laid the groundwork for the development of Aero's own L-29 and L-39 jet trainers.Current Age: 1959-1967The L-29 Dolphin, Czechoslovakia's first jet aircraft, made its mark during this period. Though the last Aero aircraft was delivered in 1974, the L-29 Dolphins remain in serviceable condition, with 3,665 produced. Jan Vlček, a pivotal figure in Czech aviation, played a crucial role in the development of the L-29 Delfín and later served as the chief designer of the L-39 Albatros trainer.Domestic Jet Aircraft: 1968-1990The L-39 Albatros, introduced in 1968, emerged as a highly successful jet trainer, featuring a twin-jet powerplant. The aircraft found service in numerous air forces globally and became a staple for aerobatic groups worldwide. Notably, Albatrosses made their mark in the film industry, contributing to iconic movies like Tomorrow Never Dies, Lethal Weapon, and Top Gun: Maverick.New Era: 1992-PresentThe L-159 ALCA, introduced as a light jet combat aircraft, found applications in ground force support, defense, reconnaissance, and training. Continuously upgraded to meet 5th generation aircraft requirements, the L-159 is utilized by Czech and foreign air forces. Aero's recent introduction of the L-159 T2X prototype, equipped with new avionics systems, highlights the company's commitment to innovation.Jet Production Resumption: 2000-2018Aero's foray into the new millennium marked the development of the L-39NG trainer jet, initiated in 2014. The L-39CW technology demonstrator took flight a year later, with the first prototype soaring into the skies on December 22, 2018. Sporting new materials, modern avionics systems, a redesigned wing, and powerplant, the L-39NG positioned itself as a modern and efficient aircraft offering comprehensive training to pilots of 4th and 5th generation aircraft. L-39NG Serial Production: 2018-PresentIn 2019, Aero unveiled the L-39NG two-seat subsonic aircraft, heralding the commencement of mass production after two decades. Certified to EU and NATO standards, the L-39NG boasts a service life of up to 15,000 flight hours, three times that of its predecessor, the L-39 Albatros. The aircraft's versatility extends beyond training, making it an optimal platform for combat, patrol, and reconnaissance missions. Engaging 300 domestic and foreign companies, with 60% being Czech, the production process involves intricate details, requiring 8,500 meters of wiring, 17,500 rivets, and 31,000 hours of work per L-39NG.As Aero looks towards the future, its commitment to excellence, innovation, and global partnerships continues to propel it into new heights in the aerospace industry. With a foundation built on a century of aviation prowess, Aero remains an iconic name, contributing to the advancement of military and civilian aviation on a global scale.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 15:29:33

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Defense News ,Australian :-  Austal, the prominent shipbuilding company, has been granted a contract extension to develop two more Evolved Cape-class patrol boats for the Royal Australian Navy, reinforcing Canberra's ongoing efforts to expand its patrol fleet and bolster maritime surveillance capabilities. The contract, valued at 157 million Australian dollars ($102.9 million), will bring the total number of Evolved Cape vessels in the navy's fleet to 10.Australia's strategic decision to integrate Evolved Capes into its naval force was prompted by technical challenges encountered with the older Armidale-class patrol boats in 2015. In 2020, a partnership agreement with Austal was inked for the design and supply of six Evolved Capes, followed by an additional order for two more boats in 2022, with the entire order set for completion this year.Austal's CEO, Paddy Gregg, highlighted the significance of these new vessels, emphasizing their role in retaining and expanding the sovereign naval shipbuilding workforce in Henderson, Western Australia. The Evolved Capes, constructed by Austal, are instrumental in enhancing the Navy's operational capabilities in Northern Australia, contributing to maritime surveillance and border patrols under Operation Sovereign Borders.Characteristics of the Evolved Cape patrol boats include a 10.3-meter beam and an overall length of 57.8 meters, improvements in voice and data communication systems, a satellite communication network, modernized integrated bridge systems, and advanced onboard navigation technologies. These vessels can deploy two smaller Gemini boats and accommodate up to 32 personnel. With a top speed of 25 knots and a range exceeding 4,000 nautical miles, the Evolved Cape-class patrol boats play a vital role in Australia's efforts to ensure national security and conduct peacekeeping missions in its waters.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 15:13:59

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Defense News ,UK , Germany :-  Honeywell Aerospace Technologies has secured a significant contract to supply 105 T55-GA-714A engines in support of Germany's procurement of CH-47F Chinook helicopters. This strategic deal not only reinforces the reliability of the CH-47F but also underscores the longstanding performance excellence of Honeywell's T55 engines, which have been propelling Chinook helicopters since the 1960s.Dave Marinick, President of Engines and Power Systems at Honeywell Aerospace Technologies, expressed the significance of the German army's choice, stating, "The German army’s selection of the CH-47F Chinook helicopter is a testament to the reputation of not just the CH-47F, but also the T55 engines that have powered that helicopter since the 1960s."Chinook helicopters have earned their place in military history as one of the most versatile vehicles, undertaking various missions such as troop transport, search and rescue, and special operations. Marinick added, "We are humbled to deliver the T55 engines that will support Germany’s growing military and heavy-lift capabilities."Honeywell's T55 engine is a global leader in powering heavy-lift helicopters, with over 1,000 CH-47 helicopters equipped with T55s currently operated by military and civil aviation entities worldwide. The latest T55-GA-714A engine configuration, capable of producing nearly 5,000-shaft horsepower, empowers Chinook aircraft to reach speeds of up to 170 knots, even in demanding operating conditions.Having initially delivered the T55 engine to the U.S. Army in 1961 at 2,200 shaft horsepower for the CH-47A helicopter, Honeywell's commitment to innovation is evident in the engine's evolution. The T55 engine's power has more than doubled, now classified as a 5,000-shaft horsepower engine, with a remarkable 12 million hours of operation logged on Boeing CH-47 and MH-47 Chinook helicopters.The management of the T55 engine order and supply for the German military is overseen through the office of U.S. Army Foreign Military Sales, further solidifying the collaboration between Honeywell and international defense forces. This collaboration not only supports Germany's military capabilities but also aligns with Honeywell's commitment to the future megatrends in aviation.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 14:57:36

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Defense News ,Israel , Hamas War :- Hezbollah said it had launched a volley of rockets at an Israeli aerial surveillance base on Tuesday in response to the Israeli military's deepest attack yet into Lebanese territory, with no immediate reports of casualties from the rockets.Israeli warplanes struck the Bekaa Valley on Monday in an intensification of the cross-border hostilities that the war in Gaza triggered in October, prompting the Iran-backed group to respond with rocket fire on both Monday and Tuesday.U.N. peacekeepers in Lebanon urged all parties to cease hostilities to avoid further escalation, warning that recent events could put a political solution to the conflict at risk.The peacekeeping mission, UNIFIL, said it had seen a "concerning shift" in the exchanges of fire between Israel and Hezbollah and said it was engaging with parties to decrease tensions and prevent dangerous misunderstandings.The base targeted by Hezbollah on Tuesday was the same one it has struck in previous attacks and there was no other sign so far of wider military retaliation by the group.Israel said it had struck at Hezbollah air defences in the Bekaa on Monday in response to the downing of an Israeli drone that Hezbollah said it had shot down with a surface-to-air missile. The Israeli strike killed at least two Hezbollah members, Lebanese sources said.Hezbollah then fired 60 rockets on Monday at an Israeli army station in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The group did not say how many rockets were fired on Tuesday morning but said it was a "large volley".Hezbollah politician Hassan Fadlallah said on Monday that Israel's strikes in the Bekaa "will not remain without response".Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallant said on Sunday that Israel planned to increase attacks on Hezbollah in the event of a possible ceasefire in Gaza "until the full withdrawal of Hezbollah" from the border.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 14:46:11

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Defense News ,France :-  The French Air and Space Force recently shared exciting news about their latest achievement in air combat capabilities. They have successfully deployed the first Dassault Rafale fighter jet upgraded to the advanced F4.1 standard.This cutting-edge aircraft took its first operational mission from Mont-de-Marsan Air Base on February 16, 2024, marking a significant milestone for France's aerial combat capabilities.After a year of thorough testing and training at the French Air Warfare Center, the Rafale F4.1 has achieved Initial Operational Capability (IOC). This means it is now ready to perform important operations like air policing.The F4.1 upgrade brings several sophisticated features to the Rafale, such as improved satellite and intra-patrol links, a state-of-the-art communication server, and advanced software radio. Additionally, the integration of a helmet-mounted sight, the new AASM 1000 "Hammer" precision-guided bomb, and the TALIOS targeting pod significantly enhances the aircraft's combat effectiveness.The French Air and Space Force is eagerly looking forward to achieving Full Operational Capability (FOC) with the Rafale F4.1. This upgrade solidifies their commitment to maintaining a powerful and technologically advanced air defense force.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 07:06:31

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Defense News ,U.S :-  Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) recently secured a $1.2 billion contract to revamp the USS Boise, a nuclear-powered submarine in the US Navy. The submarine, which has been inactive since 2017 due to maintenance backlogs, is set to undergo an extensive overhaul at the Newport News Shipbuilding facility in Virginia. The project aims to restore various components, including the hull structure, tanks, propulsion systems, electric plant, auxiliary systems, and armaments, with completion expected by September 2029.The USS Boise, a fast-attack submarine launched in 1991, has played a crucial role in the US Navy's underwater fleet. Despite its involvement in significant exercises and combat operations, such as Operation Enduring Freedom in 2002 and firing Tomahawk missiles during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, it lost its dive certification in 2017 due to maintenance delays. The upcoming overhaul will not only address these issues but also include modifications to prepare the submarine for contemporary missions. HII spokesperson Todd Corillo expressed enthusiasm for the project, highlighting the company's experience in nuclear-powered submarine maintenance.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 06:52:43

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Defense News ,China :- Without providing the world with any word of explanation, in the past five years, the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) of China has expanded the types and quantity of its nuclear-tipped weapons more than at any point in its history.Indeed, last month, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists published its annual in-depth Nuclear Notebook. The chapter entitled Chinese Nuclear Weapons, 2024, authored by Hans M Kristensen, Matt Korda, Eliana Johns and Mackenzie Knight, warned, "In all, China's nuclear expansion is among the largest and most rapid modernization campaigns of the nine nuclear-armed states" in the world.The chapter's authors stated that in the past year, "China has continued to develop its three new missile silo fields for solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missiles [ICBM], expanded the construction of new silos for its liquid-fuel DF-5 ICBMs, has been developing new variants of ICBMs and advanced strategic delivery systems, and has likely produced excess warheads for eventual upload onto these systems once they are deployed. China has also further expanded its dual-capable DF-26 intermediate-range ballistic missile [IRBM] force, which appears to have completely replaced the medium-range DF-21 in the nuclear role."For those advocating reductions in nuclear weapons, such figures make grim reading. Apart from land-based truck-launched and silo-launched missiles, the PLA Navy is now carrying JL-3 submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) on its six Type 094 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.In the air, H-6 bombers of the PLA Air Force have been reassigned to an operational nuclear mission, plus there is continued development of an air-launched ballistic missile that likely has a nuclear capability. This capacity will grow even more once the stealthy H-20 bomber is fielded.Chinese military spokesmen have neither confirmed nor denied the expansion of the ICBM force, and the authors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists chapter on China acknowledged the opacity of the PLARF: "Analyzing and estimating China's nuclear forces is a challenging endeavor, particularly given the relative lack of state-originating data and the tight control of messaging surrounding the country's nuclear arsenal and doctrine." Beijing has never officially revealed warhead numbers, and its opacity regarding its nuclear capability is legendary.When asked why Chairman Xi Jinping is prioritizing China's ballistic-missile arsenal in such a fashion, Ankit Panda, Stanton Senior Fellow, Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told ANI: "There is likely no one overarching reason.For one, this may simply be part of Xi's broader efforts to pursue a world-class military for the country. China could also have calculated that a larger force is necessary for assuring retaliation, which is a traditional objective. The surge could also be a result of the Rocket Force gaining greater political power after the 2015 reorganization of the PLA. We simply do not know the exact answer, since China has yet to give us an authoritative case for why the force is growing."Admiral Charles Richard, the previous commander of the US Strategic Command, said in April 2022 that China's expansion of strategic forces was "breathtaking." The force's current commander, General Anthony Cotton, testified vexingly last March that "China seeks to match, or in some areas surpass, quantitative and qualitative parity with the United States in terms of nuclear weapons. China's nuclear capabilities already exceed those needed for its long-professed policy of 'minimum deterrence', but China's capabilities continue to grow at an alarming rate".It is thus the Pentagon's opinion that massive new missile silo fields and the expansion of China's liquid-fueled ICBM inventory show that Beijing is moving to a launch-on-warning posture to increase the peacetime readiness of its nuclear forces.It believes part of this posture involves implementing an "early warning counterstrike" strategy, relying on space- and ground-based sensors to warn of enemy missile strikes so that China has time to launch its own missiles before they are destroyed. On the other hand, Chinainsists it is keeping the PLARF at a "moderate" readiness level.The construction of several hundred of these aforementioned missile silos has created considerable debate regarding China's official "No First Use" policy. The 2024 report noted, "...There is little evidence to suggest that the Chinese government has deviated from it, which is also reiterated in its 2023 national defense strategy."The four authors added: "Regardless of what the specific red lines may be, China's No First Use policy probably has a high threshold. Many experts believe there are very few scenarios in which China would benefit strategically from a first strike, even in the case of conventional conflict with a military power such as the United States."The same document observed: "The modernization of the nuclear forces could gradually influence Chinese nuclear strategy and declaratory policy in the future by offering more efficient ways of deploying, responding, and coercing with nuclear or dual-capable forces. The 2022 US Nuclear Posture Review suggested that China's trajectory of expanding and improving its nuclear arsenal could '...provide [China] with new options before and during a crisis or conflict to leverage nuclear weapons for coercive purposes, including military provocations against US allies and partners in the region'. Advanced non-nuclear weapons could also provide a strategic strike capability that may achieve effects similar to a first use of nuclear weapons."Could a Taiwan invasion scenario constitute such an occasion where China might threaten the use of nuclear weapons? After all, President Vladimir Putin played such a nuclear card to keep NATO and the US from getting directly involved in the Ukraine conflict.Panda offered his assessment of whether nuclear coercion could occur amidst a Taiwan contingency. "China has historically shied away from issuing nuclear threats, and has traditionally maintained a fairly restrained nuclear posture. Xi could calculate, however, that a much larger Chinese nuclear force will imbue US decision-making with greater prudence in a potential Taiwan contingency than a smaller force. He is likely right about that."The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists estimated that China currently fields 438 nuclear warheads, plus another 62 warheads that have been produced but not operationalized. This assessment corresponds almost identically to the 500 warheads estimated by the Pentagon in last year's report on China's military capabilities.In past editions of these reports, the US Department of Defense predicted that the PLARF's nuclear warhead stockpile would reach 1,000 by 2030, and perhaps even 1,500 by 2035, many of which will be "deployed at higher readiness levels" and most fielded on systems able to reach the continental United States.However, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists noted that some previous Pentagon estimates have proven inaccurate, plus there are many variables that are difficult to predict when reaching such figures by the US military. For instance, how many missile silos will China eventually build, how many will actually host a missile, and how many warheads are on each weapon? Also, how many ballistic missile submarines and bombers will be constructed, and how many DF-26 ballistic missiles will be deployed, and what percentage of them will have a nuclear mission?A table in the chapter listed the following amounts for each missile type: IRBMs comprising the DF-26 (x108); ICBMs represented by the DF-5A (x6), DF-5B (x60), DF-31A (x24), DF-31AG (x64) and DF-41 (x84); SLBMs of JL-3 type (x72); gravity bombs dropped by H-6K bomber aircraft (x10),and air-launched ballistic missiles carried by H-6N bombers (x10).There are some interesting points to note in this independent assessment. One is that all nuclear-tipped versions of the DF-21 and DF-31 are likely retired, as are JL-2 SLBMs previously carried on submarines.The DF-17 hypersonic medium-range ballistic missile was once thought capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, but now the general consensus is that this is not the case. In addition, the report assumed that half of China's DF-26 IRBM inventory is armed with nuclear warheads, even though there is no data to verify how accurate this approximation is.Regarding the DF-26 missile, which can have either a conventional or nuclear warhead, such ambiguity makes it difficult for another party during hostilities to decide how they are being targeted. This obviously creates doubt and the risk of swift escalation.In this respect, Panda told ANI: "There are risks here, but those risks could have deterrence benefits for China. In particular, US and allied attempts to possibly attrite China's DF-26 forces could be interpreted by the Chinese leadership as part of an attack on the country's nuclear forces, with escalatory consequences."Panda therefore noted that this should be a topic for dialogue between China and the US. Naturally, that leads to another whole area of complexity, for Beijing refuses to engage with the USA on nuclear weapon control frameworks.Panda observed: "China has said that the US and Russia should first reduce their force sizes to that of Beijing's, before arms control can ensue; we might now be looking at a world where China instead moves closer to where Russia and the United States are. We are potentially looking at a three-way arms race in the coming decades, particularly as US-Russia arms controls fray almost completely."This is a worrying scenario, as the relative stability of the Cold War, with its mutually assured destruction, gives way to a tripartite arms race over nuclear weapons.China is believed to be developing an indigenous HQ-19 anti-ballistic missile system, as well as a hit-to-kill midcourse interceptor. These could target IRBMs and possibly ICBMs, although the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists authors asserted that "the latter would still take many years to develop."The PLARF has expanded its number of missile brigades. The authors estimated that the force presently has 45 brigades possessing ballistic or cruise missile launchers. An estimated 30 of these operate launchers with nuclear capability, or will upgrade to this status soon. A new missile is believed to be in development too.Called the DF-27, it allegedly has a range of 5,000-8,000 km. Given that such a range is redundant for nuclear strikes, since such distances are easily encompassed by ICBMs, this suggests that the DF-27 may end up with only a conventional strike role. US intelligence assessed in February 2023 that China had conducted a flight test of a multirole hypersonic glide vehicle for the DF-27, which travelled around 2,100km.China has also tested a strategic hypersonic glide vehicle and a fractional orbital bombardment system at least once. A test of the latter in July 2021 was particularly significant, given its unprecedented nature. However, there are limiting factors on the PLARF's ascent.The expansion of China's nuclear stockpile is dependent upon stores of plutonium, highly enriched uranium (HEU), and tritium. The International Panel on Fissile Materials assessed that, as of late 2022, China possessed 14 tonnes of HEU and 2.9 tonnes of separated plutonium, an amount that was sufficient to double China's nuclear weapon inventory over the past five years.However, if China is to field more weapons - such as the 1,000 warheads predicted by the Pentagon, it will need extra fissile material production. Kristensen, Korda, Johns and Knight also noted, "The readiness of the Chinese nuclear missile force was challenged in early 2024 with disclosure that a US intelligence assessment had found that corruption within the People's Liberation Army had led to an erosion of confidence in its overall capabilities, particularly when it comes to the Rocket Force."They added that "recent dismissals of top defense officials and widespread corruption might chill the Chinese leadership's willingness to arm missiles with warheads in peacetime." The PLARF is a strategic force, but Xi is ruing the lack of loyalty amongst its top leadership, and the corruption that appears rife in the organization. It is one thing to invest heavily in this missile force, but there are serious question marks in Xi's mind about its political, and likely combat, reliability.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 06:49:05

 World 

Defense News ,Dutch :- High Eye, a Dutch company specializing in unmanned helicopter systems, has successfully secured a major international contract. They will be providing their Airboxer vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles to the Dutch Armed Forces.The first Airboxer system is expected to be delivered later this year, marking the beginning of a two-year integration program. This program aims to seamlessly incorporate the Airboxer VTOL UAV into the Dutch Ministry of Defence’s operations, both within the country and internationally.The Airboxer is known for its versatility, as it can carry various payloads and sensors weighing up to 7 kg. It boasts impressive endurance and performance capabilities, making it suitable for operation in different environmental conditions.Designed to withstand extreme temperatures, high humidity, and adverse weather, the Airboxer is considered an ideal asset for a wide range of military applications.With this contract, High Eye demonstrates its dedication to enhancing the operational capabilities of the Dutch Ministry of Defence using its state-of-the-art Airboxer VTOL UAV. This marks a significant advancement in unmanned aerial technology.

Read More → Posted on 2024-02-27 06:44:05