Space & Technology 

Defense News - Propel Industries Private Limited, a renowned player in the Crushing and Screening Equipment domain, has unveiled its latest innovations at EXCON 2023. In the presence of Nitin Gadkari, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways of India, the company introduced two variants of Electric Vehicle (EV) Dump Trucks - the 470 MEV and 470 HEV. These cutting-edge trucks, with gross vehicle weights of 45 and 60 respectively, mark a significant milestone for Propel and the Indian mining sector.V. Senthilkumar, Managing Director of Propel Industries, expressed enthusiasm about the launch, stating, "We are thrilled to debut our EV Dump Trucks at EXCON, South Asia premier construction equipment exhibition. This is not just a milestone for us but also for the Indian mining industry. Being the first indigenous EV Dump Truck manufacturer in India fills us with pride. We have leveraged our expertise to design trucks that maximize efficiency, ensuring top-notch performance, unparalleled reliability, and durability, even in the most challenging mining environments."Key features of the Propel EV Dump Trucks include customizable battery packs ranging from 171 to 450 kWh, providing flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The batteries are configured based on mine conditions, ensuring a driving time of 6 to 12 hours on a single charge, with a remarkable 0-100% State of Charge (SOC) charging in just 1 hour. Propel guarantees substantial fuel cost savings, with running costs being 1/3rd to 1/5th less compared to traditional fossil fuel trucks.The Lithium batteries in Propel EV Trucks come with a chilled cooling system, maintaining optimal temperature even in harsh environments. Advanced safety features such as Automatic fire extinguisher and Leakage Current detection ensure driver and vehicle safety in challenging conditions. The warranty of the battery extends to 5 years or 4000 cycles.Propel Industries aims to broaden its electric truck range for on-road applications by the second quarter of fiscal year 2024. Currently undergoing homologation to prove their roadworthiness, these trucks promise to set new standards in the industry.The launch event, graced by Chief Guest Nitin Gadkari, underscores Propel commitment to innovation and sustainability, reinforcing its position as a market leader in the mining sector.Founded in 2009, Propel has rapidly become India fastest-growing Crushing and Screening equipment manufacturer. With over 2900 customers globally and a diverse product portfolio featuring 85+ equipment models, including Road Pavers and concrete batching plants, Propel stands out as an industry leader. The company state-of-the-art manufacturing units, present in 21+ countries, reflect its dedication to impeccable process and quality control. Propel commitment to cost-effectiveness is evident in its locally produced spare parts, contributing to enhanced performance and versatile applications at optimal costs.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-12 15:16:10

 Space & Technology 

Defense News - In the ancient epochs of Mars, when the Red Planet was not the arid expanse we know today, it boasted a lush environment with a thick atmosphere and liquid water gracing its surface. Delving into this intriguing past, researchers from the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing and the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, have undertaken a comprehensive exploration of ancient megafloods on Mars. Leveraging data obtained from the Mangalyaan mission, India maiden venture to the Red Planet, they have unraveled key details about the velocity and volume of these dramatic events.Signs of Mars" watery history manifest in various ways, from colossal piles of transported debris covering vast distances to the indelible imprints of turbulent waves etched onto the Martian ground. Eroded layers of sedimentary deposits bear witness to the planet bygone aqueous epochs. While the presence of water in Mars" ancient history is well-established, the specific timeline of its existence, and the enigmatic vanishing act of all that water, continue to baffle scientists. Thanks to ongoing advancements in Martian spacecraft, our understanding of these mysteries is evolving. The latest insights come from Indian researchers utilizing data from the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).The scientists meticulously traced the remnants of outflow channels, marking ancient flooding events that sculpted the Martian landscape. Their focus honed in on four regions—Mangala, Kasei, Ravi, and Maadim—all intricate networks of intersecting channels. Each of these areas experienced periodic flooding, potentially linked to intermittent volcanic activity. Spanning hundreds of kilometers across Mars, these outflow channel systems, known as "valles," showcase a rugged terrain shaped by the forceful flow of copious amounts of water. Employing advanced modeling techniques, researchers estimated the quantities and velocities of water coursing through these channels.For instance, the colossal Kasei Valles witnessed the movement of approximately 3.5 billion cubic meters of water at velocities exceeding 20 meters per second. Stretching over 2,000 kilometers with a maximum width of 260 meters, Kasei Valles stands out as the largest among the four discharge channels scrutinized in the study. These findings not only deepen our understanding of Mars" ancient hydrology but also serve as valuable guides for future missions to the Red Planet. Armed with insights into the specific regions where Mars once hosted water, scientists can direct their focus towards uncovering potential signs of ancient Martian life. The detailed findings of this research have been published in the journal Current Science.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-12 14:32:53

 Space & Technology 

In the realm of Middle Eastern mythology, the Roc, a formidable avian creature, is renowned for its strength, capable of grasping an elephant in its talons. Drawing inspiration from this legendary bird, the Stratolaunch company has brought forth the colossal Roc aircraft, an engineering marvel named after the mythical griffin-like being. This aircraft boasts the extraordinary ability to carry an astonishing 500,000 pounds of payload, equivalent to the weight of over 33 large elephants. Its wingspan, an impressive 385 feet, distinguishes it as the widest operational airplane, necessitating an entire hangar at the Mojave Air and Space Port in California to accommodate its grandeur.Aaron Cassebeer, Senior Vice President for Engineering at Stratolaunch, revealed in an interview with C4ISRNET that witnessing the entirety of the Roc requires moving it out of the hangar, underscoring the sheer magnitude of this airborne behemoth.Originally conceptualized as a space launch platform utilizing two Boeing 747 fuselages to transport small rockets to high altitudes for orbital deployment, the Roc underwent a strategic shift in 2019. The company redirected its focus towards a new mission: hypersonic flight testing.Presently, the Roc is undergoing preparations for a groundbreaking hypersonic test flight, featuring the Talon-A hypersonic test aircraft. Anticipated to reach Mach 5 speeds, this pivotal flight is slated to take place before the year concludes. Following this inaugural flight, a subsequent mission in early 2024 is planned, where the Talon-A system will achieve hypersonic speeds and execute a runway landing.The significance of the Talon-A test campaign extends to the Defense Department hypersonic endeavors, concentrating on the development and deployment of high-speed weapons. This initiative aims to counter similar systems being developed by China and Russia. The Talon-A system could provide the department with a reusable and cost-effective platform for testing and validating high-speed components, subsystems, and other crucial technologies, according to Zachary Krevor, CEO of Stratolaunch.While the exact cost of a single Talon-A flight remains undisclosed, Krevor emphasized that it is significantly less than the average cost of hypersonic flight tests conducted by the Department of Defense, which typically amounts to around $100 million. The prospect of achieving a monthly flight test cadence is expected to demonstrate a tangible return on investment for the Defense Department by the end of 2025.In the lead-up to the first hypersonic mission, Stratolaunch engineers and flight crews have meticulously prepared both the Roc and Talon-A through a series of ground and flight tests. These include a drop test, taxi test, and the recent completion of the first captive carry flight, providing valuable data on Talon-A propulsion system.As the company evaluates data from these tests, the Talon-A production line remains active, with three additional aircraft in various stages of assembly. The company ability to manufacture multiple systems simultaneously underscores its commitment to meeting the growing demand for reusable hypersonic flight testing services.Stratolaunch strategic acquisition of a second carrier aircraft, a Boeing 747 formerly owned by Virgin Orbit, further positions the company to accommodate the increasing demand for Talon-A flights. With a nearly full manifest for 2024 and existing contracts to support test flights, Stratolaunch innovative approach to hypersonic flight testing is poised to make a substantial impact on the Defense Department pursuit of advanced aerospace capabilities.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-12 04:47:03

 Space & Technology 

In a significant development, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has selected its dependable workhorse rocket, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), to deploy the European Space Agency (ESA) experimental Project for On-Board Autonomy-3 (PROBA-3) mission in the middle of 2024. The PROBA-3 mission comprises two elements flying in tandem, dedicated to studying the Sun. Essentially, this mission creates a solar observatory measuring 144 meters in length, divided into two components flying in coordinated formation.ISRO has ambitious plans for 2024, aiming to conduct sixteen missions, marking its highest number of launches in a single year. Among these, the ESA has contracted one mission to ISRO, assigning the PSLV to transport an innovative technology demonstration mission to Earth orbit. The PROBA-3 mission includes a Coronagraph spacecraft and an Occulter spacecraft. The precise positioning of these two spacecraft in relation to each other is crucial, forming a unified instrument enabling scientists to explore the outer atmosphere of the Sun, known as the solar corona.Helio-Physics observatories, dedicated to studying the Sun, employ various scientific instruments to investigate different layers of the solar atmosphere. ISROs Aditya L1 mission, equipped with a sophisticated set of seven instruments, is designed for this purpose. To study the corona, it is necessary to block out the Sun face or disc, as it would oversaturate images. Traditionally, coronagraphs integrated within the spacecraft serve this purpose. However, the PROBA-3 mission adopts an innovative approach, utilizing two spacecraft flying in tandem, with the Occulter spacecraft observing the corona while the Coronagraph spacecraft blocks out the Sun face.The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bangalore has played a crucial role in developing the Visible Line Emission Coronagraph (VELC) for the Aditya-L1 mission. Notable solar observatories like NASAs Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and ESAs Solar Orbiter also incorporate coronagraphs. The PROBA-3 mission primary objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of formation flying, where the two spacecraft, separated by over 144 meters, will fly in coordinated formation for six hours. Together, these elements will act as a virtual giant satellite. The mission is anticipated to last approximately two years, with the PROBA-3 launch scheduled between July and September 2024.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-11 14:44:48

 Space & Technology 

At the 2023 UK Space Conference in Belfast, Rolls-Royce has presented a groundbreaking concept—a micro nuclear reactor designed for lunar deployment.Rolls-Royce has unveiled plans for a miniature nuclear reactor intended for lunar exploration. This pioneering project, supported by a £2.9 million contract from the UK Space Agency, aims to supply a reliable power source for future moon colonies inhabited by astronauts. The company envisions having a functional reactor ready by the early 2030s.The Space Micro-Reactor Concept Model, showcased at the UK Space Conference in late November, highlights Rolls-Royce commitment to advancing space technology. Abi Clayton, the director of future programs at Rolls-Royce, emphasized the technology potential benefits for both space missions and Earth.The project, supported by a substantial government contract, signifies the importance placed on developing a dependable energy solution for lunar colonies. Rolls-Royce foresees the completion of the micro nuclear reactor within the next six years, with plans to dispatch it to the moon in the early 2030s.Micro nuclear reactors represent a promising energy source for sustained lunar habitation. Unlike conventional power plants generating electricity for terrestrial grids, these scaled-down stations produce less than 50 megawatts of electric power. The design principles, however, align with their full-scale counterparts—nuclear fuel decay generates heat, driving turbines or other heat-based systems to produce electricity.With various space agencies, including NASA, targeting moon missions within the next decade, the need for a reliable energy source becomes crucial. The long-term objective involves establishing lunar colonies to support extended astronaut stays, necessitating infrastructure for day-to-day activities such as drilling, heating, and charging rovers.While solar energy remains an option, its reliability is compromised by lunar conditions such as dust obscuring solar panels and the inability to power shaded areas. In contrast, a small nuclear reactor offers a consistent and reliable energy supply.Rolls-Royce is not alone in the pursuit of miniature reactors for space applications. In 2022, NASA awarded contracts to Lockheed Martin, Westinghouse, and IX for the development of preliminary designs for a 40-kilowatt class nuclear fission power system. These systems are expected to endure for at least 10 years in the lunar environment.NASAs previous endeavor, the Kilopower Reactor Using Stirling Technology (KRUSTy), demonstrated the feasibility of small-scale nuclear fission power systems sustaining lunar colonies. The success of KRUSTy prompted NASA to collaborate with private firms to further refine and develop their own designs.As technology advances to enhance lunar infrastructure, the overarching goal is to extend these capabilities to more distant destinations, with Mars being a potential next frontier. Todd Tofil, the Fission Surface Power project manager at NASA Glenn Research Centre, sees these innovations as stepping stones toward future missions to Mars.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-11 13:41:55

 Space & Technology 

On Friday, Chinese launch startup Landspace achieved a significant milestone by successfully placing satellites into orbit and unveiling details about its new stainless steel rocket. The third Zhuque-2 methane-liquid oxygen rocket took off at 6:39 p.m. Eastern on December 8 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert. Landspace confirmed the success of the launch an hour later.The payload included the Honghu, Honghu-2, and Tianyi-33 satellites, with the latter being developed by Spacety, a Chinese commercial satellite company. U.S. Space Force space domain awareness has cataloged four objects associated with the launch in orbits inclined by 97.3 degrees.The Zhuque-2, also known as "Vermillion Bird-2," boasts dimensions of 49.5 meters in length, 3.35 meters in diameter, and a take-off mass of 220 tons. Powered by four Tianque 80-ton-thrust methane-liquid oxygen engines in the first stage, it can carry 1,500 kilograms to a 500-kilometer sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). An upgraded version with an improved second stage engine aims to lift 4,000 kg.This successful launch marks the first time Landspace has deployed satellites into orbit. Following a failed first flight in December 2022 and a successful one in July 2023, the company is now focused on increasing production and launch frequency. Plans include launching three Zhuque-2 rockets in 2024, six in 2025, and 12 in 2026.Additionally, Landspace revealed plans for its stainless steel Zhuque-3, a two-stage rocket with a diameter of 4.5 meters and a total length of 76.6 meters. Powered by nine Tianque-12B engines, it will have a liftoff mass of about 660 tons and a payload capacity to low Earth orbit (LEO) of 21,000 kilograms when expendable. The company targets a 100-meter-level hop test by the end of the year, with final assembly and the first flight of Zhuque-3 planned for 2025. Each Zhuque-3 is designed for reuse up to 20 times.Landspace CEO Zhang Changwu shared the company long-term vision, including the development of a 200-ton full-flow staged-combustion-cycle engine expected by 2028. This engine will power a two-stage reusable launch vehicle with a 10-meter diameter. The achievements of Landspace contribute to the broader success of Chinese commercial launch companies in 2023, marking a breakthrough year for this sector. Other players, such as Galactic Energy, iSpace, Space Pioneer, CAS Space, Expace, and upcoming entrant Orienspace, have collectively accounted for 16 of China 58 orbital launches this year, showcasing the growth and dynamism of the country commercial space endeavors.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-10 14:23:08

 Space & Technology 

Ghana has joined the growing list of African nations cautioning against the unauthorized use of SpaceX Starlink satellite broadband service. The National Communications Authority (NCA), Ghana telecommunications regulator, issued a warning on December 7, alerting the public to avoid utilizing services claiming to be from Starlink. The NCA emphasized that it has neither granted a license for Starlink operations in Ghana nor approved any of the associated equipment, according to a news release.Although SpaceX anticipates launching Starlink commercially in Ghana during the third quarter of 2024, the satellite network already covers the country and other nations where regulatory permissions are pending. Similar warnings have been issued by regulators in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Senegal against the use of Starlink services and the sale of associated equipment without proper authorization.The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa revealed on November 28 that Starlink products were being distributed within South Africa without a valid license, posing the risk of substantial penalties. Offenders providing Starlink services without permission could face fines of approximately $264,000 or 10% of their annual turnover for each day the violation persists, as outlined by the regulatory authority.While Starlink has received approval for operation in certain African countries, including Nigeria and Mozambique, cautionary advisories from regulatory bodies highlight the importance of obtaining proper licenses before utilizing or distributing the satellite broadband service.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-10 14:17:31

 Space & Technology 

The Aditya-L1 spacecraft Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) instrument has achieved a significant milestone by capturing the Sun first full-disk images in the 200-400 nm wavelength range. Functioning aboard the spacecraft, SUIT utilizes a range of scientific filters to capture detailed images of the Sun photosphere and chromosphere.On November 20, 2023, the SUIT payload was activated, initiating a successful pre-commissioning phase. The telescope marked a momentous occasion on December 6, 2023, when it captured its inaugural light science images. These groundbreaking images, obtained through eleven distinct filters (detailed in Table 1), present the Sun full-disk representations in wavelengths spanning from 200 to 400 nm, with the exclusion of Ca II h – a range previously studied by other observatories.The comprehensive images, particularly in the Mg II h wavelength, reveal noteworthy features such as sunspots, plage, and regions of the quiet Sun. These findings offer scientists unprecedented insights into the intricacies of the Sun photosphere and chromosphere. SUIT observations are poised to aid researchers in exploring the dynamic interactions within the magnetized solar atmosphere, providing valuable constraints on the impact of solar radiation on Earth climate.The development of the SUIT instrument was a collaborative effort led by the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune. This collaborative venture included contributions from ISRO, the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), the Centre for Excellence in Space Science Indian (CESSI) at IISER-Kolkata, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics Bengaluru, the Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO-PRL), and Tezpur University Assam.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-08 15:45:03

 Space & Technology 

Defense News - Shortly after the Prime Minister Office (PMO) unveiled India space roadmap in October, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is displaying confidence in constructing the initial unit of a space station within the next five years. Notably, ISRO ambitious roadmap for 2047, marking 100 years of Indian Independence, includes multiple lunar missions and even envisions venturing into Moon tourism.The development of a space station and the associated technologies is pivotal for ISRO upcoming human missions to the Moon. Concurrently, the phased implementation of Gaganyaan, India manned space mission, is set to yield a plethora of new technologies for ISRO.S Somanath, the Chairman of ISRO, assured that the proposed targets are not overly ambitious, emphasizing that the timeline of 17 years until 2040 provides ample opportunity to develop the necessary technologies for human lunar missions. Somanath also expressed optimism about completing the first unit of the space station by 2028, demonstrating aggressive progress in their endeavors.Preliminary plans indicate that ISRO aims to construct the space station at an altitude of 120 km to 140 km, with a capacity to accommodate at least three astronauts for an extended period. However, these plans remain subject to potential adjustments.If ISRO achieves its goal of completing the first unit by 2028, it aligns well with the PMO target of establishing the entire space station by 2035, allowing for a comfortable margin of a year or two.Crucial to the realization of the full space station is the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), which is anticipated to be ready around 2034-35. Somanath highlighted the significance of the NGLV for assembling the entire station and elaborated on ISRO aspirations for it to be partially reusable, incorporate new-generation propulsion, and utilize cryogenic propulsion if necessary.ISRO has already mobilized a substantial team working on the NGLV, with the architecture finalized and a preliminary report submitted detailing various aspects such as technological specifications, manufacturing processes, and propulsion methods.Looking ahead to ISRO lunar roadmap for 2047, Chairman Somanath outlined three major phases: the Technology Build-Up Phase (2023-28), Lunar Reach-Out Phase (2028-40), and Lunar Base Phase (2040-47). This comprehensive plan involves a series of lunar missions, including Chandrayaan-4, a sample return mission, and subsequent uncrewed lunar missions leading up to a human mission to the Moon.Chandrayaan-5, -6, and -7 are anticipated to play crucial roles in the lunar reach-out phase, incorporating innovative technologies such as radioisotope heater units (RHUs) for temperature management and exploring the possibility of constructing habitats on the Moon.Although these missions are not officially approved by the government as of now, the proactive stance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi towards space endeavors suggests that ISRO is likely to receive the necessary support.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-08 15:20:28

 Space & Technology 

Egypt and China solidified their collaboration in the realm of space exploration on Wednesday, signing a series of agreements that extend to the ambitious International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) led by China.In a ceremony held on December 6 in Beijing, Zhang Kejian, Administrator of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), and Sherif Sedky, Chief Operating Officer of the Egyptian Space Agency (EGSA), inked a significant cooperation agreement concerning the International Lunar Research Station. This pact marked a crucial step in their collaboration, emphasizing joint efforts in lunar and deep space exploration, spacecraft development and launches, space infrastructure, satellite data reception, applications, the BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation, as well as space science and astronomical observation.In addition to the ILRS-focused agreement, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the governments of China and Egypt, solidifying their commitment to peaceful cooperation in outer space.This recent development follows a growing partnership between the two nations in the field of space exploration. Notably, China initiated the establishment of a satellite assembly, integration, and test center for Egypt in Cairo in 2019, which officially opened its doors in June of this year. Furthermore, China recently launched the Misrsat-2 remote sensing satellite for Egypt, underscoring their commitment to collaborative space endeavors.Egypt inclusion as the first Arab country to join the ILRS, and the second on the African continent after South Africa, is seen as a strategic move by China to strengthen its ties with the Arab world and Africa. This collaboration extends beyond Egypt, with training sessions at the Cairo AIT center welcoming engineers from Nigeria, Sudan, Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya back in 2017.Analysts note a shift in China space engagement strategy, moving from turnkey projects to a focus on technology and know-how transfer. Ian Christensen, Director of Private Sector Programs at Secure World Foundation, highlighted this shift in commenting on Sino-Egyptian space cooperation earlier this year.The agreements signed are poised to guide future collaborations between China and Egypt, fostering the advancement of space technology and contributing to the development of a comprehensive strategic partnership.On a broader scale, the ILRS project led by China envisions the establishment of a permanent lunar base in the 2030s, with precursor missions in the 2020s. This initiative positions itself as a parallel project and potential competitor to NASA Artemis Program. China concerted efforts to attract other countries to join the ILRS project have seen success, with Venezuela, South Africa, Pakistan, and Azerbaijan among those joining in 2023.In contrast, the U.S.-led Artemis Accords have garnered the support of 33 countries, with Angola being the latest signatory on November 30. The Artemis Accords outline best practices for space exploration, and China, while making strides in its ILRS project, has also expanded its grouping, with recent agreements signed with entities in Croatia and the United Arab Emirates.The ILRS project, led by China, continues to progress, with Russia officially ratifying a cooperation agreement for joint construction of the station. Described as a "perfect match," the collaboration between China and Russia envisions China contributing abundant resources and skills, while Russia brings its expertise and innovative thinking to the project.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-08 07:31:55

 Space & Technology 

NASA is expanding options for companies involved in the development and production of the U.S. Deorbit Vehicle (USDV) for the International Space Station (ISS). In a recent procurement notice, NASA revealed that companies can now choose between firm fixed price or cost-plus incentive fee contract structures for both the design and production phases of the USDV.Originally, when NASA issued the request for proposals (RFP) in September, bidders were given the flexibility to propose a "hybrid" approach, opting for a cost-plus contract for development and a fixed-price contract for production. Alternatively, they could propose an entirely fixed-price contract for both development and production. The recent update introduces a new option, allowing companies to perform both the development and production phases under cost-plus contracts. The rationale behind this change was not disclosed in NASA procurement notice or accompanying blog post.In addition to the contract structure modifications, NASA has extended the deadline for proposal submissions. Initially set for November 17, the deadline was extended to December 14 and has now been further postponed to February 12. The agency anticipates making the award announcement in late May or early June, shifting from the originally expected award date in April 2024.The USDV serves a critical role in the controlled reentry of the ISS at the end of its operational life. NASA fiscal year 2024 budget proposal included a request for $180 million for the vehicle, estimating its total cost to be around $1 billion. The revised RFP outlines both "desired" and "required" delivery dates for the USDV. The desired delivery date is set for August 1, 2028, with a launch planned four months later. The required delivery date is May 1, 2029, also with a launch four months later. Proposals failing to meet the required delivery date will be deemed nonresponsive and rejected.The proposed delivery schedule aligns with NASA and its Western partners plan to retire the ISS in 2030. While Russia has committed to ISS operations only until 2028, the RFP accommodates pricing options for storing the USDV on the ground in a "Dwell facility" through 2035.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-08 07:23:11

 Space & Technology 

The spacecraft responsible for delivering the Chandrayaan-3 lander to the moon has successfully returned to Earth orbit, showcasing essential technologies for a prospective Indian lunar sample return mission. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) made the announcement on December 4, revealing that the propulsion module for the Chandrayaan-3 mission is now positioned in a high Earth orbit. Notably, ISRO had not previously disclosed plans to bring the propulsion module back to Earth orbit.Initially weighing 2,145 kilograms, the propulsion module, a modified version of ISROs I-3K satellite bus, played a crucial role in transporting the Chandrayaan-3 lander from an initial elliptical Earth orbit to a low lunar orbit. Following its launch on July 14, the module underwent a series of maneuvers, including raising the apogee of the orbit, translunar injection burn, and lunar orbit insertion burn. The module then achieved a nearly circular orbit around 150 kilometers above the moon before the lander separated on August 17.While the lander successfully touched down on the moon on August 23, the propulsion module continued to operate in orbit, employing an instrument named Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) to observe the Earth. After the lander separation, ISRO provided limited information about the propulsion module activities.According to ISROs statement, the decision to bring the propulsion module back to Earth orbit was based on the realization that there was an excess of more than 100 kilograms of propellant remaining on the spacecraft. The maneuvers to return the module to Earth orbit commenced on October 9, raising the high point of its orbit around the moon from 150 to 5,112 kilometers.Subsequent maneuvers included a transearth injection on October 13, involving four close approaches to the moon before leaving its sphere of influence on November 10. The spacecraft then entered a high orbit around Earth, reaching its first perigee on November 22 at an altitude of 154,000 kilometers.ISRO explained that these maneuvers allowed SHAPE to continue observations closer to Earth, emphasizing their role in gathering additional information for future lunar missions and demonstrating mission operation strategies for a sample return mission.Although ISRO has not formally announced plans for a lunar sample return mission, discussions about the potential of such a mission have taken place. The next lunar mission on ISROs agenda is the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX), a joint effort with the Japanese space agency JAXA, expected to launch no earlier than 2026. The return of the propulsion module to Earth orbit marks a significant step in advancing technologies for lunar exploration and potential sample return missions.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-06 15:48:28

 Space & Technology 

China conducted a recent satellite launch experiment, deploying the Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3) solid rocket from a mobile sea platform off the coast of Yangjiang, Guangdong province. The liftoff, declared a success approximately two hours later, marked advancements in solid launch capabilities and extended-range sea launches. The satellite, aimed at testing internet technology, entered an orbit tracked by the U.S. Space Force. While specific payload details remain undisclosed, this launch aligns with China series of missions focusing on satellite internet technology testing.This event signifies China commitment to developing a national satellite internet megaconstellation called Guowang, envisioning a deployment of 13,000 satellites into low Earth orbit. The Jielong-3, a four-stage rocket developed by China Rocket Co. Ltd., exhibited similarities with the ZK-1A rocket in terms of lift capacity, dimensions, and mass at liftoff. The success of the Jielong-3 second launch, a year after its inaugural sea platform liftoff, marks its operational readiness. China Rocket aims to increase production, with plans for an annual output of 20 rockets following the completion of the second phase of its assembly plant.The launch also validated longer-range sea platform operations, as the mobile sea platform departed from facilities near Haiyang in Shandong province and executed the launch in the South China Sea. The Haiyang spaceport offers China additional flexibility and redundancy in space access, complementing the country primary spaceports. Furthermore, China is constructing commercial launch pads near the Wenchang space port, supporting both solid and liquid-propellant launch vehicles, with the first flights expected in the coming year.This recent launch marked China 56th orbital launch in 2023, contributing to the nation space capabilities. While China has fallen short of its declared plan to conduct over 60 launches in the year, it has maintained a successful launch record. Notably, 2023 has proven to be a pivotal year for commercial entities, accounting for 15 orbital launches, including the successful introduction of liquid propellant launches.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-06 14:52:59

 Space & Technology 

After facing deployment challenges due to an Electron launch failure, Capella Space has reconfigured its satellite launch plans. On December 5, the company announced an agreement to launch two of its Acadia satellites on SpaceX rideshare missions in the first half of 2024. The satellites, Acadia-4 and Acadia-5, are scheduled for deployment on the Bandwagon-1 mission in April 2024 and the Transporter-11 mission in June 2024, respectively.Capella decision to collaborate with SpaceX enables the deployment of its spacecraft into diverse orbits. The Bandwagon-1 mission represents the inaugural launch of SpaceX dedicated rideshare missions, designed to reach mid-inclination orbits. This is a departure from the sun-synchronous orbits typically accessed by Transporter missions.In a company statement, Frank Backes, the CEO of Capella Space, expressed enthusiasm about the collaboration, stating, "Working with SpaceX to launch our Acadia satellites into a variety of orbits is a huge win for Capella and will enhance our ability to bring greater coverage and higher revisits over key areas of interest across our customer spectrum."Earlier, Capella Space had entered into a contract with Rocket Lab in February for four launches of its Acadia satellites. Each launch was intended to carry a single Acadia satellite, with the series of launches slated to commence in the second half of 2023. The first launch successfully placed the initial Acadia satellite into orbit on August 23. However, the second launch on September 19 experienced a failure when the second-stage engine shut down immediately after ignition, resulting in the loss of the satellite.Rocket Lab attributed the failure to an "unexpected electrical arc" in the power supply of the upper stage. While Capella continues to work with Rocket Lab for upcoming launches, the recent agreement with SpaceX adds flexibility to Capella deployment strategy.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-06 14:46:22

 Space & Technology 

Security researchers recently uncovered a sophisticated Android malware named FjordPhantom, which has been actively targeting users in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, since early September 2023.According to an analysis by Oslo-based mobile app security firm Promon, FjordPhantom employs a combination of app-based malware and social engineering techniques to defraud banking customers. The malware predominantly spreads through messaging services, utilizing email, SMS, and messaging apps to trick recipients into downloading a fake banking app. This deceptive app includes seemingly legitimate features but also incorporates malicious components.One distinctive feature of FjordPhantom is its use of virtualization to run malicious code within a container, allowing it to operate discreetly. This technique breaks Android sandbox protections by enabling different apps to run on the same sandbox, granting the malware access to sensitive data without requiring root access.Security researcher Benjamin Adolphi explained that virtualization solutions used by the malware can inject code into an application by loading its own code into a new process and then introducing the code of the hosted application. In the case of FjordPhantom, the malicious module is included in the host app, along with the virtualization element. This combination is utilized to install and launch the embedded app of the targeted bank within a virtual container.Essentially, the deceptive app loads the legitimate banking app in a virtual container while employing a hooking framework to alter the behavior of key APIs. This manipulation allows FjordPhantom to programmatically capture sensitive information from the legitimate app screen and close dialog boxes intended to warn users about malicious activity.When asked for a response, a Google spokesperson assured users that Google Play Protect provides protection by warning or blocking apps exhibiting malicious behavior on Android devices with Google Play Services, even if sourced from outside Google Play.FjordPhantom is designed in a modular way, allowing it to adapt its attacks based on the specific banking app it targets. Depending on the embedded banking app, the malware tailors its attacks to exploit vulnerabilities in various banking applications.

Read More → Posted on 2023-12-04 16:55:10