India 

BENGALURU, — June 10, 2026 : Indian defence technology company Tonbo Imaging has expanded its role in naval modernization with the introduction of the Avenger AVG-30HD, an indigenous stabilized electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) gimbal, and the award of an Indian Navy High Power Microwave (HPM) system contract under the ADITI 3.0 innovation framework. The developments highlight the company's growing focus on advanced maritime surveillance, sensor integration, and directed-energy technologies.   Avenger AVG-30HD Developed for Naval Platforms The Avenger AVG-30HD has been designed for deployment on Indian naval vessels to enhance maritime surveillance, target tracking, and situational awareness in demanding sea conditions. The system features a Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG)-based gyro-mechanical stabilization system, enabling stable imagery despite ship movement caused by waves and rough weather. It is equipped with a high-definition thermal imaging sensor for long-range detection, recognition, and identification of surface and aerial targets during day and night operations. Weighing less than 10 kilograms, the gimbal can be integrated on a variety of platforms, including patrol vessels, fast attack craft, unmanned systems, and larger warships. A key capability of the system is its integrated staring-array panoramic imager, which provides continuous 360-degree situational awareness. The gimbal also incorporates Artificial Intelligence-enabled processing and Electro-Optical/Infrared Search and Track (EO/IRST) functionality, allowing passive detection and tracking of potential threats without emitting radar signals.   Indian Navy Awards HPM System Contract In addition to the new EO/IR system, Tonbo Imaging has been selected by the Indian Navy to integrate and commission a High Power Microwave (HPM) system under the Ministry of Defence's iDEX initiative and the Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO) through the ADITI (Advanced Defence Technology Incubation) 3.0 framework. HPM systems are classified as directed-energy weapons that use concentrated electromagnetic pulses to disrupt, degrade, or disable electronic systems, sensors, and unmanned platforms. The technology is increasingly viewed as an effective countermeasure against drone swarm threats in modern naval warfare. Under the contract, Tonbo Imaging will be responsible for full system integration and commissioning, with multiple production units planned following successful validation and operational acceptance by the Indian Navy.   Vacuum Tube-Based Technology According to Arvind Lakshmikumar, Managing Director and CEO of Tonbo Imaging, the company is leveraging its expertise in vacuum tube technologies to achieve the high peak power levels required for HPM applications. The company stated that vacuum tube-based sources are capable of generating the power and pulse energy needed to effectively disable electronic targets, while current solid-state radio frequency systems cannot achieve similar performance within operational military size, weight, and efficiency requirements.   Expanding Defence Technology Capabilities The launch of the Avenger AVG-30HD and the HPM contract reflect Tonbo Imaging's broader expansion beyond electro-optical systems into advanced defence technologies, including system integration, embedded software, artificial intelligence, and directed-energy solutions. The developments also support India's ongoing efforts to strengthen indigenous defence manufacturing and enhance maritime security through domestically developed technologies.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-10 18:21:18

 India 

HYDERABAD, — June 10, 2026 : An airframe associated with India’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program has been spotted at the Outdoor Radar Cross Section Test Measurement (ORANGE) facility in Dundigal, Hyderabad, indicating continued progress in the development of India’s indigenous fifth-generation stealth fighter aircraft. The ORANGE facility, operated by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) through its Research Centre Imarat (RCI), is a specialized test site used to evaluate the radar cross-section (RCS) characteristics of military platforms. Located near the Air Force Academy in Dundigal, the facility plays a key role in validating stealth features and electromagnetic signatures before aircraft designs move into advanced development stages. Defence analysts indicate that the airframe currently at the facility is a full-scale engineering test model rather than a flyable prototype. Such models are used for radar signature assessments, allowing engineers to study how radar waves interact with the aircraft’s shape, structural features, and radar-absorbent materials. The testing helps verify whether the platform meets low-observability requirements. Developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) in partnership with DRDO, the AMCA is a twin-engine, multirole stealth fighter being designed primarily for the Indian Air Force. The aircraft is expected to incorporate advanced stealth technologies, internal weapons bays, sensor fusion, electronic warfare systems, and next-generation avionics. The AMCA’s low-observable design includes extensive use of composite materials, accounting for approximately 38–40 percent of the airframe. The aircraft also features diverterless supersonic intakes with S-shaped ducts to conceal engine fan blades from radar, while internal weapons bays help maintain both stealth characteristics and aerodynamic performance. Its twin-tail configuration and carefully aligned structural edges are designed to reduce radar reflections. The radar cross-section testing in Hyderabad is taking place alongside broader infrastructure development for the AMCA program. On May 15, 2026, the Ministry of Defence laid the foundation stone for a ₹16,000-crore Aircraft Integration and Flight Testing Complex at Puttaparthi in Andhra Pradesh. The facility is expected to become the primary center for assembly, integration, validation, and flight testing of future AMCA prototypes. The AMCA program received approval from the Cabinet Committee on Security in March 2024, while the government approved the programme execution model in 2025, enabling participation from both public and private sector companies. According to current timelines, the first AMCA prototype is expected to roll out in 2028, followed by flight testing and certification activities. Induction into the Indian Air Force is currently targeted for 2034–35. The sighting of the AMCA airframe at the ORANGE facility marks another development milestone as India continues to validate critical stealth technologies for its first indigenous fifth-generation fighter aircraft.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-10 17:47:15

 India 

New Delhi, — June 10, 2026 : The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed a ₹449 crore contract with Bengaluru-based Accord Software and Systems Private Limited (ASSPL) for the procurement of 20 Enhanced Capability Global Navigation Satellite System (ECGNSS) Jammers for the Indian Navy. The agreement was signed on June 10 in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh and has been awarded under the Buy (Indian–Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured) category. According to the Ministry of Defence, the project will be executed with a minimum indigenous content of 75 percent, supporting India's efforts to strengthen domestic defence manufacturing under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. The ECGNSS Jammers are designed to enhance the Indian Navy's electronic warfare capabilities by disrupting and deceiving adversary satellite navigation systems. Modern military platforms, including warships, aircraft, drones, and precision-guided weapons, rely heavily on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou for navigation, positioning, and targeting. According to the Ministry, the new systems will be capable of degrading the signal acquisition and tracking performance of enemy GNSS receivers. The jammers can also conduct signal spoofing operations, transmitting false navigation data to mislead hostile platforms and reduce the effectiveness of satellite-based navigation and targeting systems. By denying or manipulating access to accurate positioning information, the ECGNSS Jammers will help Indian Navy warships operate more effectively in contested electromagnetic environments. The systems are expected to improve the survivability and operational effectiveness of naval platforms during both routine deployments and potential conflict situations. The acquisition forms part of the Indian Navy's broader modernization efforts in electronic warfare and network-centric operations. It also supports the government's objective of increasing indigenous participation in advanced defence technology programmes while reducing dependence on foreign suppliers. The Ministry of Defence stated that the induction of the 20 ECGNSS Jammers will strengthen maritime security capabilities and provide the Indian Navy with enhanced protection against emerging electronic and navigation-based threats in the maritime domain.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-10 16:44:10

 India 

NEW DELHI — June 05, 2026 : The Government of India is moving ahead with plans to strengthen the Indian Navy’s underwater fleet by expanding Project 75(I) from the originally planned six submarines to a total of nine diesel-electric submarines. The move is aimed at addressing future fleet shortages, enhancing maritime security, and increasing indigenous defence production. The contract for the first six submarines under Project 75(I) is in the final stages and is expected to be signed later this year.   MDL-TKMS Partnership for Project 75(I) Under the programme, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) will build six advanced conventional submarines in partnership with Germany’s Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS). The submarines will be equipped with hydrogen fuel cell-based Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems, enabling them to remain submerged and operate silently for up to 14 days without surfacing. The first submarine is expected to be delivered seven years after contract signing, with indigenous content beginning at 45 percent and increasing to 60 percent by the sixth submarine. Subsequent vessels are planned to be delivered annually. Following the signing of the main contract, the government intends to proceed with the acquisition of three additional submarines. A final decision has not yet been made on whether these will be follow-on TKMS submarines or upgraded Scorpene-class submarines built by the MDL-Naval Group partnership.   Debate Over Additional Submarines The Indian Navy had earlier proposed acquiring three additional Scorpene-class submarines to address near-term force requirements. The proposal underwent lengthy negotiations, with the estimated cost reportedly reduced from over ₹50,000 crore to approximately ₹36,000 crore. France and Naval Group have argued that expanding the Scorpene fleet to nine boats would simplify logistics and maintenance. The proposed upgraded submarines would feature 60 percent indigenous content, increased endurance, larger fuel and sanitary reserves, and more than double the weapon-carrying capacity of the existing fleet. However, defence planners have raised concerns that the current six Scorpene submarines contain less than 20 percent indigenous content and continue to depend on France for critical spare parts. As a result, the TKMS-MDL partnership currently holds an advantage, as the technology transfer and industrial ecosystem created under Project 75(I) are expected to support India's future indigenous submarine programmes.   Project 76 to Focus on Indigenous Design Following Project 75(I), India plans to launch Project 76, which will involve the construction of at least six next-generation conventional submarines designed entirely in India by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The submarines, expected to displace around 3,000 tonnes, will incorporate indigenous weapon control systems, lithium-ion batteries, and an upgraded domestic AIP system. Indigenous content is projected to range between 70 and 90 percent, with imports limited to select specialised components.   Driven by Regional Maritime Developments India’s submarine expansion plans come as regional naval competition continues to grow. The Indian Navy currently operates 19 conventional and nuclear submarines, but several ageing vessels are expected to begin retiring from the late 2030s. In comparison, China operates an estimated 65 submarines and continues to expand its fleet. Pakistan is also strengthening its underwater capabilities and is expected to induct eight Chinese-origin Hangor-class submarines in the coming years. To maintain operational capability in the Indian Ocean Region, the government plans to build nearly two dozen new submarines over the next two decades, including conventional attack submarines, nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), and ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). The expansion of Project 75(I) and the development of Project 76 are expected to play a central role in modernising the Indian Navy’s submarine force while advancing India's long-term goal of defence self-reliance.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-05 13:27:14

 India 

NEW DELHI — June 03, 2026 : India has received the fourth squadron of the Russian-made S-400 Triumf air defence system, known in Indian Air Force (IAF) service as Sudarshan, marking another significant step in enhancing the country's long-range air defence capabilities. The system arrived in India by ship recently and is expected to be deployed in an operational sector soon. The delivery is part of the $5.43 billion agreement signed between India and Russia in 2018 for the procurement of five S-400 squadrons. Three squadrons had already been inducted into service, while deliveries of the fourth and fifth units were delayed due to disruptions caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Defence sources indicate that the fifth and final squadron under the contract is expected to arrive in the coming months. The S-400 is one of the world's most advanced long-range surface-to-air missile systems, capable of engaging aircraft, drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missile threats at ranges of up to 400 kilometres, depending on the missile variant. Equipped with advanced radar systems and multiple launchers, it provides layered air defence coverage and strengthens India's ability to detect and respond to aerial threats. According to defence sources, the fourth squadron is likely to be deployed in the western sector, potentially covering areas in Rajasthan and Punjab, further enhancing air defence along the western frontier. The system integrates with India's existing air defence architecture and improves overall situational awareness and operational readiness. The S-400 system played an important role during Operation Sindoor, where it supported India's air defence operations. Defence officials stated that the system was involved in a long-range engagement against a Pakistani surveillance aircraft, highlighting its capability to engage aerial targets at extended distances. India is also pursuing the expansion of its air defence network. The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared a proposal for the procurement of five additional S-400 squadrons, with discussions reportedly continuing with Russia. Alongside these acquisitions, India is developing an indigenous long-range air defence system under Project Kusha, also known as the Extended Range Air Defence System (ERADS). Led by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the programme aims to develop a domestic system with engagement ranges of up to 400 kilometres against aircraft, drones, cruise missiles, and other aerial threats. Defence manufacturer Solar Industries is participating as a development and production partner. Project Kusha is expected to enter service around 2028 and will form part of India's broader effort to establish a self-reliant and multi-layered air defence network. The combination of imported S-400 systems and indigenous programmes is expected to strengthen India's long-term air defence capabilities across multiple operational sectors.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-03 14:59:41

 India 

NAGPUR — Solar Industries India Limited is awaiting approval from the Indian Army for its proposed Maheshwarastra long-range precision-guided rocket programme, an indigenous initiative submitted under the Ministry of Defence’s Make-II acquisition framework. The programme is aimed at providing the Army with a cost-effective precision strike capability while supporting India’s ongoing push for self-reliance in advanced defence technologies. If approved, the Maheshwarastra programme would add a new category of indigenous long-range guided rocket systems to India’s expanding precision strike arsenal and strengthen the role of private sector firms in defence manufacturing.   Maheshwarastra Programme and Proposed Capabilities Solar Industries has proposed the Maheshwarastra family as a high-mobility, precision-guided rocket system capable of conducting long-range strikes against battlefield and operational targets. The programme will initially include two variants. The Maheshwarastra-1 is proposed to deliver precision strikes at a range of approximately 150 kilometres, providing a medium-to-long-range engagement capability for tactical and operational missions. The Maheshwarastra-2 is being designed as a longer-range precision strike system with a planned baseline range of approximately 300 kilometres. According to Solar Industries, the system has been designed with future growth potential and can be adapted to meet evolving operational requirements. The company has indicated that if the Indian Army requires extended strike capability, the Maheshwarastra-2 platform could potentially achieve a range between 400 and 450 kilometres. Such an expansion would place it among the longest-range precision-guided rocket systems currently under development in India.   Complementary Role Alongside BrahMos Solar Industries has positioned Maheshwarastra as a complementary capability rather than a replacement for existing strategic strike platforms. The system is expected to operate alongside the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile by offering a comparatively lower-cost precision strike option for a wider set of operational scenarios. While BrahMos is primarily intended for high-value strategic targets requiring high-speed engagement, Maheshwarastra is designed to provide precision strike capability against broader battlefield objectives at lower operational cost. This approach could provide the Indian military with greater flexibility in employing long-range precision strikes in larger numbers across multiple tactical environments.   India’s Expanding Long-Range Strike Capability The proposal comes as India continues to expand indigenous long-range artillery and stand-off precision strike capabilities. Alongside the Guided Pinaka programme, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is also working on Extended Range Pinaka variants and other long-range indigenous systems aimed at increasing strike range, accuracy, and operational flexibility for the armed forces. Solar Industries has already established itself as an important contributor to these efforts through its role in the Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launching System. The company has developed composite propellants and manufactured rockets used for the Pinaka programme, supporting India’s domestic production of guided artillery systems. Further highlighting its growing role in defence manufacturing, Solar Industries recently flagged off its first tranche of Guided Pinaka rockets for export to Armenia, reflecting India’s expanding footprint in the global defence export market.   Growing Role of the Private Sector in Defence The Maheshwarastra programme also reflects the increasing role of private companies in India’s defence research, development, and manufacturing ecosystem. Under the leadership of Chairman Satyanarayan Nuwal, Solar Industries has expanded from an industrial explosives manufacturer into a major defence company with capabilities across rockets, loitering munitions, and counter-drone technologies. The company’s Nagastra series of loitering munitions has completed user trials with the Indian Army and was recently used during Operation Sindoor, demonstrating Solar Industries’ growing participation in operational military systems. In parallel, the company is developing Bhargavastra, a counter-drone platform integrating missile and laser-based technologies intended to neutralise unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm threats.   Government Push for Defence Self-Reliance The Indian government has continued to place emphasis on stronger public-private cooperation in defence production as part of the broader Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has recently reiterated the government’s objective of increasing private sector participation in defence manufacturing to 50 percent or more, with the long-term goal of reducing dependence on imports and positioning India as a major defence exporter. The Maheshwarastra programme currently remains under evaluation within the Make-II framework. A final approval from the Indian Army would allow the project to move forward and could further strengthen India’s indigenous long-range rocket and missile manufacturing capability.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-02 17:53:25

 India 

NEW DELHI — June 02, 2026 : The Indian Air Force (IAF) is reportedly planning to equip its future fleet of Rafale fighter aircraft with advanced self-contained expendable Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) jammers, a next-generation electronic warfare capability designed to improve survivability against modern radar-guided missile threats. According to recent defence industry reports, the proposed system is expected to function in a manner similar to Leonardo’s BriteCloud expendable active decoy, providing Rafale fighters with an additional defensive layer against sophisticated surface-to-air and air-to-air missile systems operating in contested environments. The move reflects the IAF’s continuing focus on strengthening electronic warfare capabilities as modern air defence systems increasingly rely on advanced radar technologies capable of identifying, tracking, and engaging aircraft with greater accuracy than legacy systems.   Advanced Countermeasure Against Radar-Guided Threats Traditional aircraft countermeasures such as chaff—small metallic strips dispersed in the air to confuse enemy radar—have long been used to counter radar-guided missiles. However, improvements in missile seeker technology and fire-control radars have reduced the effectiveness of conventional countermeasures against modern threats. To address this challenge, air forces worldwide are increasingly adopting expendable active decoys based on DRFM technology. These systems are designed to deceive enemy radars by generating realistic electronic signatures rather than relying solely on reflected radar energy. A DRFM jammer captures incoming radar signals, digitally stores and processes them, modifies their characteristics, and retransmits them back toward hostile radar systems with precise timing. Because the transmitted signal closely resembles the radar return from the actual aircraft, hostile systems may struggle to distinguish the false target from the fighter aircraft. Unlike traditional onboard electronic warfare systems, expendable DRFM jammers function as independent off-board decoys once deployed.   Self-Contained and Expendable Design Expendable DRFM jammers, also known as Expendable Active Decoys (EADs), are compact, battery-powered systems contained within a small cartridge. The system integrates a receiver, processor, transmitter, antenna, and power source into a single expendable package. Typically designed to match standard flare cartridges, including 55mm countermeasure formats, these jammers can be launched through existing aircraft chaff and flare dispensers without requiring major structural modifications. Once ejected, the decoy physically separates from the aircraft and independently emits electronic signals intended to mislead enemy radar systems. The “active” nature of the system refers to its ability to transmit off-board jamming signals rather than passively reflecting radar energy.   How the System Operates The functioning of a self-contained DRFM jammer involves automated electronic responses triggered by incoming threats. When the aircraft’s Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) detects an incoming radar-guided missile or hostile tracking radar, the onboard defensive suite can initiate deployment of the decoy. After ejection, the jammer activates and scans for radar emissions considered the highest operational priority. Using a pre-programmed digital threat library, the system identifies and classifies incoming radar signals before employing DRFM technology to generate deceptive responses. The jammer receives the enemy radar signal, digitizes and alters it in real time to imitate the aircraft’s radar cross-section and electronic signature, then retransmits a modified signal back toward the threat. As the decoy physically moves away from the aircraft, enemy radar systems and missile seekers may begin tracking the false electronic target instead of the fighter aircraft, increasing separation from the missile’s projected intercept point and improving survivability.   Operational Benefits for Future Rafale Aircraft If integrated into future IAF Rafales, expendable DRFM jammers could provide multiple operational advantages. One key benefit is enhanced protection against modern radar-guided missile systems, particularly those capable of rejecting traditional chaff countermeasures. The system could also help counter missiles equipped with “home-on-jam” capability, which are designed to target the source of jamming emissions. Because expendable DRFM decoys separate physically from the aircraft, they may divert these missiles toward empty airspace instead of the fighter. Another advantage lies in simplified aircraft integration. Since these decoys can fit within standard countermeasure dispensers, they require minimal airframe modification and can complement existing defensive systems. The autonomous operation of the jammer may also reduce pilot workload during high-threat engagements. Once released, the system independently manages threat detection and electronic deception, allowing pilots to focus on aircraft maneuvering and mission execution.   Integration With Rafale’s Existing SPECTRA Suite The Rafale already operates with the integrated SPECTRA (Self-Protection Equipment Countering Threats to Rafale Aircraft) electronic warfare suite, which combines radar warning receivers, missile warning systems, electronic support measures, and onboard jamming functions. Any future expendable DRFM jammer would likely complement rather than replace the existing system. In a combat environment, SPECTRA could detect, classify, and assess an incoming threat while the expendable decoy acts as a separate off-board electronic target intended to draw radar-guided missiles away from the aircraft.   Broader Evolution of IAF Electronic Decoys The reported interest in expendable DRFM jammers comes as the IAF continues efforts to strengthen its electronic warfare capabilities against increasingly sophisticated surface-to-air and air-to-air missile threats. The IAF has also been linked with plans to acquire advanced decoy systems such as the X-Guard Fibre-Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD), intended to improve aircraft survivability against radar-guided threats. Unlike expendable decoys, a fibre-optic towed decoy remains connected to the aircraft through a retractable cable and is designed to replicate the aircraft’s electronic and Doppler signature to mislead hostile radars and missile seekers. If introduced in the future alongside self-contained expendable DRFM jammers, such systems could contribute to a multi-layered electronic warfare architecture aimed at improving the survivability of frontline combat aircraft operating in contested environments and against advanced air defence networks.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-02 16:31:24

 India 

NEW DELHI — June 02, 2026 : India has finalized a contract worth approximately $1.2 billion with Russia for the acquisition of around 300 R-37M ultra-long-range air-to-air missiles to strengthen the Indian Air Force (IAF) beyond-visual-range combat capabilities. The missiles will be integrated into the IAF’s Su-30MKI fighter fleet, significantly expanding long-range interception and targeting capabilities against high-value airborne assets. The agreement, concluded by the Indian Ministry of Defence, is intended to provide an immediate enhancement in long-range air combat capability while complementing India’s ongoing indigenous missile development efforts. Deliveries are expected to begin within 12 to 18 months.   R-37M Designed to Engage High-Value Airborne Targets The R-37M, also known by its export designation RVV-BD and NATO reporting name AA-13 Axehead, is among the longest-range air-to-air missiles currently in operational service. It has been developed to target force multipliers such as Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, airborne command centers, aerial refueling tankers, and airborne surveillance platforms operating at stand-off distances. These aircraft are considered critical to modern combat operations because they support battlefield coordination, aerial refueling, surveillance, command, and long-range targeting functions.   Missile Specifications and Performance The missile has a reported operational range of 300 to 400 kilometers, depending on launch conditions such as altitude, speed, and engagement profile. It is capable of reaching speeds approaching Mach 6 and carries a 60-kilogram high-explosive fragmentation warhead intended to neutralize large airborne support aircraft. The R-37M measures approximately 4.2 meters in length, has a body diameter of around 0.38 meters, and weighs nearly 600 kilograms at launch. It is optimized for high-speed, long-range intercept missions and can engage aerial targets flying at speeds of up to 2,500 kilometers per hour. The missile uses a guidance system consisting of inertial navigation, mid-course radio corrections, and an active radar seeker during the terminal engagement phase. It also employs lofted trajectories to maximize range and preserve energy during long-distance engagements.   Seamless Integration With the Su-30MKI Fleet A key operational advantage of the procurement is the missile’s compatibility with India’s existing Su-30MKI fleet. Integration is expected to require mainly software upgrades to the aircraft’s N011M Bars radar system rather than extensive hardware modifications. The Su-30MKI, which forms the backbone of the Indian Air Force with more than 260 aircraft in service, is expected to gain a substantial increase in beyond-visual-range engagement capability, allowing it to target hostile aircraft from significantly greater distances. Reports indicate that each aircraft may be capable of carrying multiple R-37M missiles, improving mission flexibility during long-range air superiority and interception operations.   Passive Engagement Capability Through External Sensor Networks Another operational feature of the missile is its ability to support passive or semi-passive engagement tactics. Indian Air Force pilots will be able to launch the R-37M using targeting information supplied by external sensor systems without activating the aircraft’s onboard radar. Through data links connected to the Netra Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) platform and ground-based radar systems, Su-30MKI aircraft can engage hostile targets from distances exceeding 300 kilometers while remaining electromagnetically silent. This capability reduces the likelihood of early detection by enemy sensors and improves survivability during contested air operations.   Lessons From Operation Sindoor Shaped the Procurement Decision The decision to fast-track the missile acquisition follows strategic assessments conducted after Operation Sindoor in May 2025. During the short border conflict, Indian military planners reportedly identified the requirement for longer-range beyond-visual-range engagement capability. Although India used indigenous systems, precision-guided strikes, and drone-based warfare, the presence of adversarial aircraft equipped with long-range missiles highlighted the need to expand interception distances away from frontline areas. The R-37M is expected to provide an immediate capability to threaten adversary airborne support assets at extended ranges and potentially disrupt networked combat operations.   Indigenous Missile Programs Continue Alongside Imports While the R-37M acquisition addresses immediate operational requirements, the Indian Air Force is simultaneously pursuing indigenous missile development to strengthen long-term defence self-reliance.   Astra Mk2 India’s Astra Mk2 beyond-visual-range missile is expected to enter operational service between 2026 and 2027. The missile uses an indigenous dual-pulse solid rocket motor designed to maintain high terminal energy during engagements. The Astra Mk2 is projected to have an engagement range between 160 and 240 kilometers and is expected to become a primary medium-to-long-range air-to-air missile for platforms including the Su-30MKI, Tejas Mk1A, and future fighter aircraft.   Gandiva (Astra Mk3) The Astra Mk3, also known as Gandiva, is under development and testing as India’s next-generation long-range air-to-air missile. The system uses Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) propulsion technology, enabling sustained speed during long-range flight. It is expected to achieve engagement ranges of up to 340 kilometers at high altitude and is targeted to become operational by the end of the decade. Successful SFDR testing has demonstrated progress toward sustained high-speed missile technology for future Indian combat aircraft.   Building a Layered Air Combat Architecture By integrating the R-37M while advancing indigenous systems such as Astra Mk2 and Gandiva, the Indian Air Force is establishing a layered beyond-visual-range engagement framework. The approach is designed to address immediate operational requirements for extreme long-range interception while gradually transitioning India’s air combat missile inventory toward domestically developed systems, supporting greater self-reliance in defence manufacturing and long-term operational flexibility.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-02 16:03:23

 India 

NEW DELHI — June 02, 2026 : The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) have successfully conducted a flight test of the indigenous RudraM-II air-to-surface missile, strengthening India’s efforts to expand domestically developed precision-strike capabilities. The missile was test-fired on May 29, 2024, from a Su-30MKI fighter aircraft under challenging release conditions off the coast of Odisha. According to official information, the missile achieved a direct hit on its intended target, while all mission objectives were completed successfully.   Flight Test Conducted Under Extreme Release Conditions The flight trial was carried out at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha, where the missile’s performance was continuously monitored through a network of electro-optical systems, radars, telemetry stations, and down-range tracking ships. Officials stated that the collected flight data confirmed the missile’s operational performance under demanding release conditions from the Su-30MKI platform. The test validated the RudraM-II’s solid-propulsion system along with its control mechanisms, navigation systems, and guidance algorithms. The successful trial also demonstrated the missile’s ability to maintain accuracy and operational reliability during long-range precision strike missions.   RudraM-II Designed for Suppression of Enemy Air Defences RudraM-II is an indigenously developed next-generation anti-radiation missile designed to detect, track, and destroy enemy radar systems, communication nodes, and air-defence assets that emit radio-frequency signals. The missile is intended to strengthen the IAF’s Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) capability by targeting hostile tracking and targeting systems from long stand-off distances. By neutralising radar and communication infrastructure, RudraM-II enables friendly aircraft to operate with reduced exposure in contested airspace. The missile can also engage targets even if enemy radar systems are switched off after detection, improving operational effectiveness against modern air-defence tactics.   Technical Specifications and Operational Features RudraM-II is powered by a solid-propellant motor and is capable of reaching speeds of up to Mach 5.5, enabling rapid engagement of high-priority targets. The missile has an estimated strike range of approximately 300–350 kilometres and can reportedly detect hostile radio-frequency emissions from distances exceeding 100 kilometres. Weighing around 800 kilograms, RudraM-II carries a 200-kilogram warhead designed to deliver penetration and fragmentation effects against reinforced radar shelters, communication systems, and soft-skinned antenna infrastructure. To improve engagement flexibility, the missile incorporates advanced multi-mode guidance systems supporting both Lock-On-Before-Launch (LOBL) and Lock-On-After-Launch (LOAL) modes. These capabilities allow pilots to engage targets either before launch or after missile deployment depending on operational requirements. The missile is additionally equipped with a passive homing head and an Imaging Infrared (IIR) seeker, enabling continued target engagement even if hostile radar emissions are discontinued to avoid detection.   Potential Replacement for Kh-31 Missile Fleet RudraM-II is expected to gradually replace the Russian-origin Kh-31 anti-radiation missile currently integrated into the IAF’s Su-30MKI fleet. While the missile has been primarily developed for deployment from the Su-30MKI fighter platform, future integration with aircraft such as the Mirage 2000 remains a possibility. The missile can reportedly be launched from altitudes ranging between 3 and 15 kilometres, increasing mission flexibility across different operational conditions.   Part of India’s Broader Indigenous Missile Programme The RudraM-II programme forms part of India’s wider effort to expand indigenous air-launched precision weapon systems. Earlier variants in the RudraM family, including RudraM-I, have undergone testing and entered service, while development efforts continue on RudraM-III, which is expected to provide extended strike range and enhanced operational capability. The successful test of RudraM-II represents an important step toward operational readiness and future induction into service.   Officials Congratulate DRDO and IAF Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated the DRDO, the IAF, and industry partners involved in the programme following the successful test. DRDO Chairman Dr. Samir V. Kamat also acknowledged the achievement and highlighted its contribution to India’s efforts to strengthen indigenous defence technologies. With successful validation of its propulsion, guidance, and targeting systems, RudraM-II is expected to contribute to the IAF’s long-range precision strike capability while supporting India’s objective of reducing dependence on imported defence systems.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-02 14:16:08

 India 

CHENNAI — June 01, 2026 : Data Patterns (India) Limited has confirmed that cockpit and mission-system technologies being developed for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk2 programme will directly support India’s fifth-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), creating a technological link between the two indigenous fighter programmes. The company is developing advanced avionics, smart cockpit systems, mission computers, display technologies, and sensor-fusion architecture for the Tejas Mk2. According to industry reports, several of these systems are being designed for future scalability, allowing them to be adapted for the AMCA as development progresses. For the Tejas Mk2 programme, Data Patterns is working on a next-generation glass cockpit architecture featuring high-brightness rugged multifunction displays (MFDs), digital mission-management systems, pilot-machine interfaces, and integrated sensor-fusion capabilities intended to improve pilot situational awareness during operations. The cockpit systems include custom LED backlights, compatibility with Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS), and compliance with military standards such as MIL-STD-810 and DO-178B. The company is also integrating digital flight-control infrastructure and multi-sensor data fusion technologies for the aircraft. The avionics and cockpit architecture developed for the Tejas Mk2 are expected to provide the foundation for the AMCA’s cockpit environment, mission-management systems, and sensor-processing framework. By adapting tested technologies from the Tejas Mk2, the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and industry partners aim to reduce development risks, shorten integration timelines, and support the AMCA’s network-centric warfare and stealth requirements. The Tejas Mk2 is considered an important technology bridge toward the AMCA programme. The aircraft is a larger and more capable evolution of the Tejas Mk1A, featuring increased payload capacity, greater combat radius, enhanced electronic warfare systems, and more advanced sensors. The AMCA is being developed as a twin-engine, stealth-capable multirole fighter designed for air-superiority, deep-strike, suppression of enemy air-defence, and electronic warfare missions. The aircraft is expected to feature internal weapon bays, sensor fusion, indigenous mission avionics, advanced mission computers, and integrated data-link systems. The cockpit and mission-system development forms part of the broader ₹15,000 crore AMCA prototype programme. Data Patterns, along with other private-sector defence firms, will work with the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to support the construction of five flying prototypes and one structural test aircraft. A new greenfield manufacturing facility is being established in Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, to support integration and testing activities for the AMCA programme. The Defence Ministry has issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for AMCA prototype development and manufacturing, with multiple Indian private defence firms participating under the programme managed by ADA within the DRDO framework. The Tejas Mk2 is expected to make its first flight in 2026, while the AMCA programme aims for prototype rollout by late 2026 or early 2027, followed by a maiden flight in 2028. Serial production of the aircraft is targeted for the mid-2030s. The use of common technologies across the Tejas Mk2 and AMCA programmes is expected to standardise key avionics systems, simplify testing and certification, and improve long-term maintenance and operational logistics for future Indian Air Force fighter fleets.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-01 18:14:42

 India 

NEW DELHI, — June 01, 2026 :  India has formally issued a Letter of Request (LoR) to France for the acquisition of 114 Rafale fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF), advancing one of the country’s largest military aviation procurement programmes. According to Defence Ministry sources, the request was sent by the Ministry of Defence’s Acquisition Wing following clearance from the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). The proposed government-to-government deal is estimated at approximately ₹3.25 lakh crore and is aimed at strengthening the Indian Air Force’s combat capabilities while addressing its fighter squadron shortage. France is expected to respond to India’s request within the next two to three months with details related to pricing, availability, logistics support, technology transfer, and manufacturing arrangements. Formal negotiations are expected to begin after the response, with officials anticipating completion within the next year. Under the proposed programme, 94 of the 114 Rafale jets are planned to be manufactured in India through a partnership between Dassault Aviation and an Indian defence company, while the remaining aircraft will be delivered directly from France in fly-away condition. The programme would mark the first time Rafale fighter jets are manufactured outside France. Defence Ministry sources said the project is expected to achieve nearly 50 percent localisation and support domestic aerospace manufacturing under the Make in India initiative. A key feature of the proposal is India receiving authority and technical access to integrate indigenous weapon systems onto the aircraft. This would allow future integration of Indian-made systems such as the Astra and BrahMos-NG missiles. The acquisition comes as the Indian Air Force continues to face a shortage of fighter squadrons. The IAF is currently operating around 29 fighter squadrons against a sanctioned requirement of 42.5 squadrons, making additional fighter inductions important for maintaining operational capability. The Indian Air Force currently operates 36 Rafale aircraft acquired under a 2016 agreement with France. India has also ordered 26 Rafale Marine aircraft for the Indian Navy, with deliveries expected to begin in 2028 for carrier operations. If the proposed acquisition is finalised, the total number of Rafale aircraft in Indian military service would increase to 176. Defence officials have also indicated that the Navy has expressed interest in acquiring an additional 31 Rafale Marine aircraft in the future, which could raise India’s Rafale fleet to more than 200 aircraft. Officials believe operating a larger standardised Rafale fleet across the armed forces could improve logistics, maintenance, training, and operational support efficiency over the long term. The Rafale is a 4.5-generation multirole fighter aircraft capable of conducting air superiority, strike, reconnaissance, and maritime missions. Indian Rafales currently operate with weapons including Meteor, SCALP, and MICA missile systems. Officials said deliveries under the new programme could begin around three-and-a-half years after the contract is finalised. The development comes during a period of high-level India-France defence engagement. Air Chief Marshal AP Singh is currently visiting France for discussions with French defence officials and visits to facilities operated by Dassault Aviation and missile manufacturer MBDA. The Rafale programme is also expected to feature prominently during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s scheduled visit to France in mid-June as both countries continue to expand defence and industrial cooperation.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-01 17:54:42

 India 

NEW DELHI — 01 June 2026 : The Indian Navy is advancing plans to acquire Special Operations Vessels (SOVs) and Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (SDVs) to strengthen the covert underwater operational capabilities of its elite Marine Commandos (MARCOS), reviving a long-pending requirement for specialised platforms designed for stealth missions in coastal and littoral waters. Commonly referred to as midget submarines, these specialised vessels are intended to support covert operations including reconnaissance, underwater infiltration, and the insertion and extraction of MARCOS personnel in areas where larger submarines and surface ships may face operational constraints. As part of the procurement process, the Navy has initiated discussions with Indian shipbuilders Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T), alongside two European manufacturers. The requirement outlines a platform of approximately 500 tonnes displacement capable of carrying around 20 personnel, including crew members and special forces operators. The programme reflects a distinct operational requirement within the Indian Navy. While India’s conventional and nuclear submarine fleets are designed for long-range maritime operations and strategic deterrence, midget submarines are intended for stealth-focused missions closer to shore, particularly in shallow and confined waters where covert access and rapid deployment of special forces are essential. In addition to SOVs, the Navy plans to acquire Swimmer Delivery Vehicles, smaller underwater platforms designed specifically to transport combat divers and MARCOS teams during covert missions. Together, the systems are expected to improve the Navy’s ability to conduct underwater special operations, intelligence gathering, and maritime reconnaissance in contested coastal environments.   A Requirement Shaped by Operational Needs Unlike larger submarine platforms used for blue-water missions, midget submarines are optimised for shallow-water operations, coastal defence, and stealthy deployment of special operations forces. Their smaller size and lower acoustic signature make them suitable for missions requiring secrecy and flexibility near hostile coastlines. Globally, these platforms occupy a specialised niche. Countries including Iran, North Korea, and Pakistan have relied on midget submarines for asymmetric maritime operations and covert coastal defence roles. Iran, for instance, operates the domestically built Ghadir-class midget submarines, which are designed for operations in the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. Major conventional submarine manufacturers such as Germany’s TKMS, France’s Naval Group, South Korea’s Hanwha Ocean, and Spain’s Navantia largely focus on full-sized conventional or nuclear submarine programmes and do not currently offer dedicated midget submarine platforms for special operations.   A Programme Nearly Two Decades in Development The Indian Navy’s interest in midget submarines dates back almost 20 years. The original programme began in 2006 and led to a formal tender in 2009, attracting participation from several Indian shipyards working with foreign partners. During that process, Larsen & Toubro partnered with Russia’s Rubin Design Bureau, while Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited and Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) worked with Italy’s Fincantieri. Other participants included ABG Shipyard and Pipavav Shipyard in collaboration with overseas firms. Despite early momentum, the programme was eventually scrapped. A second effort to revive the project emerged during 2016–17 when Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) was nominated for the programme. However, progress slowed as the shipyard struggled to finalise either an indigenous design or a suitable foreign partner. South Korea’s Hyundai Heavy Industries showed interest in the project, but its proposed all-electric platform reportedly failed to meet operational requirements laid down by the Navy. Attempts to transfer the programme to other shipyards also did not move forward, causing the project to lose momentum once again. The requirement resurfaced in late 2022, when the Navy issued a fresh Request for Information (RFI) for Special Operations Vessels. Responses were received from MDL, L&T, and HSL, reopening the competition for a capability that has remained under consideration for years.   Indian Shipyards Present Indigenous Designs Among domestic contenders, Larsen & Toubro and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited are positioning themselves as key candidates for the programme. L&T has developed an indigenous mini-submarine concept drawing on industrial expertise gained through the Arihant-class nuclear submarine programme. The company has showcased various designs at defence exhibitions and is promoting its proposal under the Defence Acquisition Procedure’s Buy (Indian-IDDM — Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured) category. Its concept has evolved toward the 500-tonne category sought by the Navy and is expected to incorporate systems such as torpedo tubes, sonar arrays, and accommodation for both crew and MARCOS operators during extended covert operations. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited publicly unveiled a scaled model of its ‘Arowana’ midget submarine in May 2024. Although the display model generated online criticism regarding its appearance, officials associated with the programme maintain that the submarine remains under active development and that the final design continues to evolve. The Arowana concept is expected to incorporate indigenous systems including sonar, inertial navigation, GPS, and secure communication equipment to support stealthy underwater missions.   Foreign Designs Also Under Evaluation Alongside indigenous proposals, the Navy is examining European platforms, particularly from Italian defence firms Fincantieri and Drass, both of which are established players in the small submarine segment. Fincantieri’s S800A is based on concepts derived from the larger U212 submarine programme. The platform measures approximately 51 metres and has a displacement of around 750 to 850 tonnes. Equipped with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP), the submarine is designed to remain submerged for extended durations and accommodate a crew of 18 in addition to eight special operations personnel. Drass is offering its DGK-class submarine, a modular platform designed for covert operations and operational flexibility. The submarine can reportedly be transported discreetly by road without compromising structural integrity, deploy swimmer delivery vehicles, and carry up to four heavyweight torpedoes. The company has previously supplied midget submarines to Pakistan and countries in West Asia and signed a framework agreement in February to provide DGK-class submarines and SDVs to the Indonesian Navy. However, despite their detailed designs and projected capabilities, the latest Italian platforms remain conceptual at present and have not yet entered operational service with any navy in their current form.   Procurement Decision Ahead The final direction of the programme will depend on decisions taken by the Ministry of Defence regarding procurement priorities, timelines, and budget allocations. If the government chooses an indigenous route, Indian shipyards such as L&T and MDL are expected to lead development under domestic manufacturing categories. Alternatively, the Navy could proceed with a direct foreign acquisition if operational timelines favour an off-the-shelf solution. Given the limited number of vessels planned and the specialised nature of the requirement, local production through a transfer of technology arrangement is generally viewed as economically less practical. For the Indian Navy, the programme represents an effort to strengthen underwater special operations capability and provide MARCOS with dedicated platforms suited for covert maritime missions in shallow and contested waters.

Read More → Posted on 2026-06-01 14:05:45

 India 

NEW DELHI — May 31, 2026 : New technical details have emerged regarding the indigenous Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar being developed for India’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), indicating that the system will feature a 10.5 kW cooling capacity and approximately 1,540 Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based Transmit/Receive Modules (TRMs) designed to support the stealth fighter’s performance, thermal management, and operational efficiency requirements. The radar is being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)’s Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE) as part of India’s wider effort to equip the AMCA with domestically developed mission systems and sensors. During Aero India 2025, LRDE displayed a 1:2 scale model of the radar, highlighting a GaN-based AESA configuration integrated with DRDO’s newly developed Vivaldi antenna technology.   Cooling Capacity and TRM Configuration According to technical details now in circulation, the AMCA radar will incorporate a cooling capacity of 10.5 kW, equivalent to the Vapour Compression Machine developed for the Virupaksha AESA radar currently being designed for the Indian Air Force’s Su-30MKI upgrade programme. However, while the Virupaksha radar is reported to feature around 2,400 TRMs, the AMCA radar is expected to integrate approximately 1,540 modules. The reduced TRM count is understood to reflect the stealth fighter’s design requirements, where compactness, thermal efficiency, and optimized integration within a fifth-generation airframe are prioritized. The radar is expected to maintain high operational efficiency within the same thermal envelope due to the use of GaN semiconductor technology. Compared to older Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)-based systems, GaN TRMs provide higher power density and improved efficiency per module, enabling stronger performance with a comparatively smaller module count.   Vapour Compression Cooling System Thermal management for the AMCA radar will rely on a closed-loop Vapour Compression System engineered to absorb and dissipate up to 10.5 kW of continuous heat load. The cooling system is intended to maintain stable thermal conditions for radar electronics, power supplies, and signal-processing units, particularly during prolonged missions and sustained high-power radar operation. Maintaining thermal efficiency is considered particularly important for stealth aircraft because excessive localized heating can affect system performance and increase infrared detectability. By regulating temperatures across radar components, the system is intended to support both operational reliability and sustained mission effectiveness.   Tile-Based Radar Architecture For the AMCA platform, LRDE is developing a tile-based radar array architecture in which GaN TRMs are arranged in a circular layout compatible with the aircraft’s stealth-oriented nose cone design. Unlike conventional approaches focused primarily on maximizing TRM numbers, the AMCA radar emphasizes efficiency, compactness, bandwidth, and integration within a limited internal volume. The tile-based configuration is also modular in design. Individual tiles can be replaced independently in the event of failure, reducing maintenance complexity without requiring the complete radar array to be dismantled. In parallel, LRDE is also developing phased-array and tile-array configurations for different aircraft categories. Available details indicate a tiered radar architecture strategy in which plank-based radar designs are intended for lighter fighter aircraft such as the Tejas family, while tile-based systems are being developed for larger and more advanced platforms, including the upgraded Su-30MKI and the AMCA, where bandwidth, range, and electronic resilience are operational priorities.   Vivaldi Antenna for Wideband Performance A key feature of the AMCA radar is the incorporation of DRDO’s Vivaldi antenna, also known as a Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA). The antenna was selected to meet operational requirements involving bandwidth greater than 50 percent of the centre frequency and dual-polarisation capability. According to available technical information, commonly used antenna types such as microstrip patches and printed dipoles were not suitable for these requirements. The Vivaldi antenna provides a symmetrical radiation pattern, high gain, and broad bandwidth, enabling transmission across a wide frequency range. Its low-profile design and wideband characteristics are expected to support efficient signal transmission while improving resistance to interference and electronic countermeasures. Combined with GaN-based TRMs, the radar is expected to deliver a higher power beam than the Uttam AESA radar for Tejas Mk1A platform.   L-Band Antenna for Identification Friend or Foe The AMCA radar suite will also incorporate a dedicated L-band TRM antenna for Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) functions. L-band frequencies operate at longer wavelengths, making them suitable for reliable identification and communication tasks in contested environments. The dedicated IFF antenna is intended to complement the radar’s primary fire-control functions by supporting secure and efficient identification of friendly airborne and ground assets during operations.   Parallel Development with Virupaksha Radar The AMCA AESA radar programme is progressing simultaneously with the development of the Virupaksha radar for the Su-30MKI upgrade programme. Both systems are being undertaken by DRDO’s LRDE and reflect a broader effort to establish an indigenous airborne radar ecosystem for India’s present and future combat aircraft fleet. By advancing technologies such as GaN-based TRMs, tile-array radar architectures, Vivaldi antennas, L-band IFF integration, and high-efficiency thermal management systems, India is working toward a domestically developed radar capability tailored to both current-generation and fifth-generation combat platforms.

Read More → Posted on 2026-05-31 17:51:57

 India 

SINGAPORE, — May 30, 2026 : India has officially finalized an agreement to export the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system to Vietnam in a deal valued at approximately ₹60 billion ($629 million), marking a major development in defence cooperation between the two countries and strengthening India’s growing role as a military exporter in Southeast Asia. The agreement was publicly confirmed by Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh during the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, Asia’s leading defence and security summit. Speaking during a session on “Building Defence Industrial Resilience,” Singh said the agreement with Vietnam had already been signed, although it had not been formally announced earlier. “My understanding is that with both Indonesia and Vietnam, the deal is in the final stages. In fact, for Vietnam, I understand that it has already been signed — probably not publicly announced, but it's already been signed,” Singh said while responding to a question from a Vietnamese delegate. Under the agreement, Vietnam will procure the BrahMos Block 3 land-based coastal defence variant, designed primarily for shore-based anti-ship operations to strengthen maritime border security. The package includes an Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) framework, operator training, and technical instruction for Vietnamese maintenance personnel to ensure long-term operational readiness and sustainment capability. The BrahMos missile, jointly developed by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya, is capable of speeds between Mach 2.8 and Mach 3.0. The Block 3 variant has a strike range of up to 290–300 kilometres, can carry a 300-kilogram warhead, and is equipped with sea-skimming flight capability as low as 10 metres above sea level along with steep-dive terminal attack capability. The missile can be launched from land, naval vessels, submarines, and aircraft, although Vietnam’s current acquisition is focused on land-based coastal batteries. Reports also indicate Hanoi has shown long-term interest in air-launched variants. The deal makes Vietnam the second Southeast Asian country to acquire the BrahMos missile system after the Philippines, which signed a $375 million agreement in January 2022 for three shore-based anti-ship batteries, becoming India’s first BrahMos export customer. Deliveries to the Philippines began in April 2024, followed by the arrival of a second battery in April 2025, while training programs for Philippine personnel were conducted in India. The agreement also places Vietnam among confirmed international BrahMos operators as India continues expanding defence exports to regional partners. Singh stated that negotiations with Indonesia for a similar BrahMos procurement agreement are in the final stages. Indonesia reportedly signed a $300 million contract in December 2025 for three coastal defence batteries with a projected 36-month delivery schedule, in a configuration similar to the Philippine package. The BrahMos export agreement aligns with India’s broader objective to expand domestic defence manufacturing and raise defence exports to ₹50,000 crore by 2030, with BrahMos positioned as a flagship export platform. To support increasing domestic and overseas demand, India established a dedicated BrahMos production facility in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The missile agreement also reflects expanding defence and strategic engagement between New Delhi and Hanoi. Earlier this month, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh held talks in Hanoi with Vietnamese Defence Minister General Phan Van Giang focused on maritime security, defence industry cooperation, and regional stability. The discussions coincided with the 10th anniversary of the India–Vietnam Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, recently elevated to an Enhanced Comprehensive Strategic Partnership during Vietnamese President To Lam’s state visit to India. During the Shangri-La Dialogue, Singh emphasized that India considers ASEAN member states trusted partners for defence cooperation and advanced military technology sharing, highlighting New Delhi’s continued focus on strengthening defence ties across Southeast Asia.

Read More → Posted on 2026-05-30 15:28:30

 India 

NEW DELHI — May 29, 2026 : The Union Finance Ministry has approved the ₹70,000-crore Project-75I (P-75I) submarine programme, moving one of India’s largest naval acquisition efforts to its final stage before contract signing. The proposal now awaits approval from the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), chaired by the Prime Minister, which will provide the final clearance required for implementation. Project-75I involves the construction of six advanced conventional diesel-electric submarines for the Indian Navy under the Strategic Partnership Model. State-owned Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) will manufacture the submarines at its Mumbai facility in partnership with Germany’s thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (tkMS). The MDL-tkMS consortium was selected after successfully meeting technical requirements and prevailing over the competing bid submitted by Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Spain’s Navantia.   Design, Technology Transfer and Capabilities The six submarines will be based on a variant of Germany’s HDW Class 214 design, also referred to as the Type 214 Next Generation platform. As part of the agreement, tkMS will undertake a comprehensive transfer of submarine design and manufacturing technology to India, strengthening domestic industrial expertise and long-term maintenance capabilities. A key operational requirement of Project-75I is the integration of a sea-proven Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system. The technology uses polymer electrolyte membrane hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, enabling submarines to remain submerged for extended periods—often up to two weeks—without surfacing or snorkeling for oxygen. This capability significantly lowers acoustic and thermal signatures, reducing the likelihood of detection by hostile sensors during underwater operations. In addition to AIP capability, the submarines are expected to incorporate advanced underwater warfare systems, including modern sensors, heavyweight torpedoes, missile-launch capability, enhanced stealth features, and improved survivability. The vessels are projected to have a submerged displacement of approximately 3,400 to 3,500 tonnes, making them among the largest conventional submarines planned for service with the Indian Navy.   Delivery Timeline and Indigenisation According to the planned delivery schedule, the first submarine will be delivered to the Indian Navy seven years after contract finalization. The remaining five vessels are scheduled to be delivered at a rate of one submarine per year. Production activities are expected to begin in the third year after the contract is signed, following detailed design work and infrastructure preparations. The programme also includes phased indigenous manufacturing requirements aimed at supporting India’s long-term defence self-reliance goals. Under contractual provisions, the first submarine must incorporate at least 45 percent indigenous content. This figure will progressively rise across the programme, reaching 60 percent by the sixth and final submarine through greater domestic manufacturing and supply-chain participation.   Programme Background and Strategic Context Project-75I succeeds the earlier Project-75 programme, under which MDL constructed six Kalvari-class (Scorpene) diesel-electric submarines with technology transfer from France’s Naval Group. The final vessel of the class, INS Vaghsheer, entered service in January 2025, marking the completion of the first phase of India’s modern conventional submarine-building effort. The programme forms part of India’s 30-year submarine-building plan approved in 1999 to modernize the Navy’s underwater fleet and replace aging submarines amid expanding maritime security requirements in the Indian Ocean Region. Project-75I also aligns with broader India-Germany defence industrial cooperation, following the signing of a defence industrial roadmap in Berlin to support joint development, co-production, and technology partnerships in military systems. Project-75I received approval from the Defence Acquisition Council in 2014, while a Request for Proposal (RFP) was issued in July 2021. Negotiations involving the Ministry of Defence, MDL, and tkMS—including cost discussions and programme structuring—have since been completed. With Finance Ministry approval now secured, CCS clearance remains the final administrative step before formal contract signing, release of initial funding, and commencement of detailed design and construction activities.

Read More → Posted on 2026-05-29 15:30:19