BENGALURU / NEW DELHI, — April 21, 2026 : Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a Navratna defence public sector undertaking, has initiated a new technology development programme under its DRISHTI framework to address emerging gaps in the detection and tracking of hypersonic cruise missiles. The challenge, titled “Detection of Hypersonic Missile,” is being executed under the broader DPSU-driven Research & Innovation for Strategic and High-impact Technology Integration (DRISHTI) programme in coordination with the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) platform.
The initiative targets one of the most complex operational challenges in modern air defence: reliably detecting and continuously tracking hypersonic threats operating at speeds above Mach 5. These systems combine high manoeuvrability, low-altitude flight profiles, and reduced radar cross-sections, which significantly degrade the performance of existing Multi-Function Surveillance Radars.
Operational Challenge and Technical Scope
According to the official problem statement issued by BEL, current radar systems face limitations in both early detection and sustained tracking due to the unique signatures generated by hypersonic vehicles, including plasma effects and rapidly changing trajectories.
The DRISHTI challenge calls for solutions capable of addressing three key technical requirements:
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Detection of low-altitude, high-speed targets with reduced radar cross-sections amid ground clutter and atmospheric interference
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Processing of non-linear and manoeuvring trajectories involving rapid changes in velocity and direction
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Maintenance of continuous tracking despite intermittent or degraded radar returns
To meet these objectives, proposed solutions are expected to integrate advancements in radar signal processing, multi-domain sensor fusion, and artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies would enable identification of hypersonic targets within complex signal environments, improve classification accuracy, and support predictive tracking models for highly manoeuvrable threats.
System Architecture and Indigenous Focus
BEL’s approach reflects a “system-of-systems” architecture, combining multiple sensing and processing layers rather than relying on a single detection mechanism. Key technological elements under consideration include:
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Multi-static radar configurations, where distributed transmitters and receivers improve detection probability by capturing scattered signals, including those affected by plasma sheaths
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AI-driven predictive algorithms, trained on simulated and real trajectory datasets to anticipate target movement and reduce decision latency
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Enhanced AESA radar modules, including upgrades in refresh rates and tracking fidelity using advanced materials such as Gallium Nitride (GaN)
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Sensor fusion frameworks, integrating radar, infrared, and potentially space-based inputs to generate a unified operational picture
The programme places strong emphasis on fully indigenous development, covering both hardware and software components. This aligns with national objectives to strengthen domestic capabilities in strategic defence electronics.
Programme Structure and Participation
BEL has allocated a tentative budget of ₹3.60 crore for the development phase of the challenge. The programme is open to a broad ecosystem, including defence technology firms, startups, MSMEs, and academic or research institutions with expertise in radar systems, signal processing, and high-speed tracking technologies.
Selected proposals will progress through structured stages, including proof-of-concept validation and subsequent development phases. Submissions are being accepted through the iDEX platform, and BEL has conducted an online outreach session to brief potential participants.
The nodal officer for the challenge is Smt. Vani KN, Additional General Manager, Advanced Defence Systems-Navy, BEL, Bengaluru.
BEL’s Existing Capabilities and Integration Path
BEL currently produces a range of radar and defence electronic systems, including the Swathi Weapon Locating Radar, various AESA-based multi-function radars, and land-based surveillance systems used across the Indian armed forces. These platforms are designed for conventional air and surface threat environments.
However, hypersonic threats introduce requirements that exceed existing design parameters, particularly in tracking continuity and early detection timelines. The DRISHTI challenge is intended to bridge this gap by leveraging external innovation while retaining system integration and production within BEL’s framework.
Solutions developed under this programme are expected to be integrated into India’s broader air defence network, complementing ongoing radar upgrades and existing systems such as the Akash air defence system.
Comparison with International Efforts
Hypersonic missile detection remains a global technological challenge due to the combination of extreme speed, manoeuvrability, low-altitude flight, and radar signal attenuation caused by plasma formation.
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United States: Focuses on space-based detection through the Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS) programme under the Space Development Agency. This includes low-Earth orbit satellite constellations equipped with infrared sensors for persistent tracking. Ground-based systems, including Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR), are being enhanced for improved classification. The U.S. is also developing the Glide Phase Interceptor for mid-course engagement.
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China: Has reportedly developed advanced ground-based radar systems capable of tracking multiple hypersonic targets simultaneously, supported by integrated sensor networks. Detailed information on signal processing and fusion techniques remains limited in open sources.
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Russia: The S-500 Prometheus air defence system is designed to counter hypersonic and ballistic threats using a multi-layered radar architecture integrated with command systems. Testing has included engagements against hypersonic-representative targets.
In contrast, India’s DRISHTI initiative prioritises ground- and platform-based radar enhancements combined with AI-driven processing and sensor fusion, rather than immediate reliance on large-scale space-based constellations. This approach is intended to complement national programmes such as DRDO’s radar developments and the Project NETRA space situational awareness initiative.
Strategic Context and Next Steps
The launch of the DRISHTI challenge comes amid increasing global deployment and testing of hypersonic weapons by countries including the United States, Russia, China, and India. These systems reduce reaction times for defensive networks, necessitating parallel advancements in detection and tracking technologies.
The DRISHTI programme forms part of a broader set of 101 problem statements issued across multiple defence public sector undertakings. It is designed to accelerate targeted innovation through structured collaboration with industry and research entities.
By focusing on indigenous solutions and leveraging a distributed innovation model, BEL aims to strengthen India’s capability in a critical area of air defence where existing systems require significant augmentation.
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