World
Germany has received its first two Patriot Engagement Control Stations (ECS) from Raytheon, marking a visible milestone in Berlin’s multi-billion-dollar effort to expand and modernise its ground-based air and missile defence in the wake of Russia’s war on Ukraine and rising missile threats across Europe. The new ECS units are part of two Direct Commercial Sale (DCS) contracts, each covering four Patriot fire units, signed between Germany and Raytheon in March 2024 and July 2024. Each contract is valued at around USD 1.2 billion, taking the combined package to approximately USD 2.4 billion for eight fire units, or roughly USD 300 million per fire unit. Framework of the Patriot Expansion Raytheon, an RTX business, announced in March 2024 that it had secured a USD 1.2 billion contract to supply Germany with Patriot air and missile defence systems, including Configuration 3+ radars, launchers, command-and-control stations, spares and support. In July 2024, the company revealed a second Patriot order from Germany, also worth USD 1.2 billion, effectively doubling the original package and expanding the framework agreement to eight fire units in total. German defence industry reporting indicates that all eight systems are planned to enter service between 2025 and 2029, giving the Bundeswehr a phased but continuous capability ramp-up. The Engagement Control Station is the brain of a Patriot fire unit, housing the fire control computers, operator consoles and communications gear that link the radar, launchers and higher-level air-defence networks. Taking delivery of the first two ECS units is therefore a key prerequisite for standing up the initial new fire units and integrating them into Germany’s Integrated Air and Missile Defence (IAMD) architecture and NATO’s wider air-policing and missile-defence network. Split Procurement of Interceptors: PAC-2 GEM-T and PAC-3 MSE While the DCS contracts with Raytheon provide the hardware for the fire units – radars, launchers and control stations – Germany is obtaining interceptors separately through a mix of Direct Commercial Sales and U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) channels. Berlin is buying PAC-2 GEM-T interceptors, which are optimised for aircraft and some cruise-missile engagements, via separate arrangements with Raytheon and its partners. In parallel, it is expanding its inventory of PAC-3 MSE (Missile Segment Enhancement) interceptors – the hit-to-kill missile designed for high-end ballistic and cruise-missile threats – through FMS. In December 2024, the Bundestag’s Budget Committee approved EUR 763.5 million in funding for 120 PAC-3 MSE missiles, a purchase that was finalised through the FMS programme and reported in March 2025. That order alone underlines the cost and complexity of building a layered Patriot inventory, with each advanced interceptor valued in the multi-million-dollar range. These interceptor buys complement Germany’s decision to replenish Patriot stocks after transferring systems and missiles to Ukraine, and to ensure sufficient reserves to support both national defence and NATO deployments on the alliance’s eastern flank. Strengthening Germany’s and NATO’s Air Shield The Patriot expansion comes as Berlin positions itself as a central pillar of European air and missile defence. Germany already fields several Patriot batteries and has repeatedly deployed them to Poland and other allies, both to protect critical logistics hubs for Ukraine and to reassure partners in the face of Russian missile and drone strikes. The new eight-fire-unit package is expected to: Backfill systems sent to Ukraine, ensuring Germany does not erode its own defence while supporting Kyiv. Boost NATO’s integrated air defence, enabling more sustained rotations of Patriot units to the alliance’s eastern flank without leaving gaps at home. Provide a modernised Configuration 3+ baseline, better suited to countering a mix of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, aircraft and drones in contested environments. The arrival of the first two Engagement Control Stations suggests that the initial new German fire units are moving from contract phase towards operational fielding, with further ECS, launchers, radars and support equipment to follow over the next several years. From Contracts to Operational Capability With two USD 1.2 billion Patriot system orders locked in, separate multi-hundred-million-euro interceptor buys, and the first ECS units now on German soil, Berlin is transitioning from procurement paperwork to the practical work of training crews, integrating sensors, and synchronising logistics. As additional equipment is delivered between now and 2029, Germany’s Patriot force will evolve into a larger, more modern and missile-rich shield, capable of defending German territory, reinforcing NATO’s air defence posture, and sustaining long-term support to Ukraine and other partners – all anchored by the newly delivered Engagement Control Stations that form the command heart of each Patriot fire unit.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 16:33:00
World
Chile has quietly agreed to sell 30 Marder 1A3 infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) to Germany in a deal widely expected to end with the German-made armor arriving on the front lines in Ukraine, according to Chilean and Ukrainian media reports. The transaction, first detailed by Chilean outlet El Mostrador and later summarized by Euromaidan Press, appears to be structured as a “ring exchange”: Berlin acquires used Marders from a third country and, in return, provides that country with other military equipment—while the tracked IFVs are passed on to Kyiv. Officials in Santiago and Berlin have declined to publicly confirm the final destination of the vehicles, but multiple government and military sources cited in local reporting say Ukraine is the most likely end user. Deal Details: A Secretive Marder Swap The agreement covers 30 Marder 1A3 IFVs currently in Chilean Army service in the country’s arid northern region, where they operate alongside Leopard tanks and self-propelled artillery. Key points emerging from Chilean and European reporting include: Type of deal: Rather than a straightforward cash sale, sources in Santiago describe the operation as a barter-style exchange, in which Chile receives modern air-defense systems or related technology from Germany in return for releasing the Marders. Secrecy: Both the Chilean Ministry of Defense and Army have refused to disclose quantities, timelines, or valuation, citing the “reserved” nature of strategic capability decisions. Scale: Chile operates roughly 270 Marders in total, bought second-hand from Germany in the late 2000s, so 30 vehicles represent a modest but noticeable slice of its fleet. No official price tag has been released. However, Der Spiegel previously reported that in 2009 Chile acquired 146 Marders for about €50,000 per vehicle, paying roughly $7.3 million for a package whose commercial value at the time was estimated at over $60 million, thanks to deep discounts and the need for Chile to invest in modernization. As a benchmark, a recent German-funded contract for 20 refurbished Marder 1A3s for Ukraine was valued in the mid double-digit million-euro range, implying that fully overhauled vehicles can currently be priced in the €2–3 million per unit band. The Chile–Germany deal is likely valued in that neighborhood overall, but structured through in-kind air-defense deliveries rather than a simple purchase price. Why Germany Is in a Hurry to Find More Marders Germany has become one of Ukraine’s main suppliers of Western-made infantry fighting vehicles. Since early 2023, Berlin and defense contractor Rheinmetall have steadily pulled Marder 1A3s out of long-term storage, refurbished them, and shipped them east. According to official German figures and open-source tracking: 140 Marder 1A3s had been delivered to Ukraine by late 2024, with at least 25 more pledged. Rheinmetall has ongoing contracts to supply additional batches of 20 vehicles, financed by Germany, with deliveries stretching into 2025. However, there are three big pressures on Berlin: Production and refurbishment bottlenecksRheinmetall can only refurbish Marders at a certain rate from its stockpiles, and the pool of vehicles in good condition is limited. Ukrainian losses and expansion of mechanized unitsMarders have been heavily used in Ukraine’s counteroffensive operations. Visual evidence indicates that dozens of Ukrainian Marder 1A3s have been destroyed, damaged, or captured, forcing Kyiv to seek replacements. New operational demands after Ukraine’s incursions into RussiaAs Ukraine carried out cross-border raids and an incursion into Russia’s Kursk region, German leaders acknowledged that Kyiv had not always pre-briefed Berlin on its plans, but they have stressed that Ukraine must not run out of weapons. Against that backdrop, buying already-modernized Marders from Chile is a shortcut: the vehicles can be brought up to German standards faster than pulling badly stored hulls from European depots, and they allow Berlin to fulfil its promises to Kyiv without further depleting Bundeswehr frontline stocks. What Ukraine Is Expected to Do With the Chilean Marders Neither Berlin nor Kyiv has officially announced the transfer of the Chilean vehicles, but German military-aid trackers note that adding 30 Marders on top of the 140 already delivered and 25 promised would fit neatly into Germany’s existing commitments. In Ukraine, Marder 1A3s have been assigned to some of the country’s most active units, including: 82nd Air Assault Brigade 225th Separate Assault Battalion 100th Mechanized Brigade On the battlefield, the vehicles are typically used to: Move infantry under armor in combined-arms assaults with Leopard 2 tanks and artillery. Provide direct fire support with their 20 mm autocannon against Russian infantry, light armor, and drones at low altitude. Act as protected command and control or casualty-evacuation platforms in contested zones. If the Chilean Marders do arrive, analysts expect them to rebuild depleted mechanized battalions and sustain offensive pressure on Russian lines, particularly in sectors where older Soviet-designed BMP-1/2 vehicles have proven far more vulnerable. Political Reactions in Chile, Germany and Ukraine In Chile: Secrecy and Capability Concerns Inside Chile, the operation has already drawn criticism—not for supporting Ukraine, but for the way the deal was handled and its potential impact on Chile’s own defenses. Defense officials have refused to comment, saying all questions about purchases and sales fall under the Ministry’s authority and are classified when they affect “strategic capabilities.” Critics quoted by El Mostrador argue that trading away front-line armored vehicles in exchange for air-defense systems may leave northern units thinner on the ground, especially as Bolivia acquires Iranian-designed Shahed-type drones and Argentina recapitalizes its air force with used F-16s. One unnamed Chilean analyst told the paper the swap risked “robbing Peter to pay Paul,” suggesting the country was sacrificing proven armor to patch other capability gaps. In Germany: Quiet Continuation of the “Ringtausch” Policy For Berlin, the Chile operation is essentially a continuation of its “Ringtausch” (circular exchange) model, previously used with Greece, the Czech Republic and Slovakia: those countries sent Soviet-designed tanks or IFVs to Ukraine, while Germany backfilled them with Marders or Leopard 2s. German officials have recently signaled that overall military aid to Ukraine could be trimmed in 2025 under budget pressure, but the government still wants to honor existing pledges of armor and air defense—making low-visibility deals like the Chile swap attractive tools to sustain deliveries without big new announcements. In Ukraine: Another Boost to Mechanized Firepower Ukrainian officials have not yet publicly commented on the Chilean vehicles, but the Marder is widely respected in Kyiv’s military circles for its: Higher survivability compared to most Soviet-era IFVs Accurate 20 mm cannon and modern optics Good cross-country mobility when paired with Western tanks Ukrainian units that already operate the type have posted images and videos expressing clear satisfaction with the vehicle’s performance, and Ukrainian media treat each additional batch of German IFVs as a significant reinforcement, especially for offensive operations and counter-attacks. From Moscow and Beyond Russian officials have not yet issued a specific statement on the Chile–Germany deal, but the Kremlin has consistently condemned Western armor deliveries as “escalatory” and has threatened unspecified “consequences” for countries supplying heavy weapons to Kyiv. It is likely to portray the Chilean transfer as another example of NATO “globalizing” its support for Ukraine. For other Latin American states, the move could be precedent-setting: Chile would be the first country in the region to indirectly supply heavy armor to Ukraine via a European partner, potentially nudging neighbors to consider similar exchanges—or to distance themselves, depending on domestic politics. What Is the Marder 1A3? The Marder 1A3 is a German-designed infantry fighting vehicle introduced in the 1970s and heavily upgraded over the decades. In its A3 configuration, it features: A 20 mm Rheinmetall autocannon and 7.62 mm machine gun in a two-man turret Optional MILAN anti-tank missile launcher Crew of three, plus up to six dismounts Combat weight around 33.5 tons and a top road speed of roughly 65–75 km/h, depending on variant Rheinmetall has further modernized many A3s with improved thermal imaging, laser rangefinders and upgraded drivetrains, making them well-suited for Ukraine’s high-intensity mechanized warfare despite their age. Outlook If the deal proceeds and the vehicles reach Ukraine, it will: Slightly expand Ukraine’s fleet of Western IFVs Mark Latin America’s first participation in an armored ring exchange for Kyiv Show how far Berlin is willing to go to keep armored vehicles flowing For now, the deal remains officially unconfirmed. But on the battlefields of eastern Ukraine, another 30 tracked silhouettes may soon be rolling under a blue-and-yellow flag rather than the Chilean star.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 16:01:38
World
The U.S. Army has taken a major step toward putting tiny nuclear reactors on some of its largest installations, formally moving the Janus microreactor program from concept into execution by naming nine candidate bases and asking industry to submit designs through the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU). The announcement, made on November 18, 2025, reflects a blunt assessment inside the Pentagon: as digital warfighting systems, AI-enabled command networks, and air-defense radars drive power demand higher, the aging civilian grid and diesel logistics can no longer be treated as reliable backstops for critical missions. Nine Installations in the Running Under the new plan, the Army has identified nine installations that could host the first wave of microreactor power plants under Janus: Fort Benning, Georgia Fort Bragg, North Carolina Fort Campbell, Kentucky Fort Drum, New York Fort Hood, Texas Fort Wainwright, Alaska Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Tennessee Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington Redstone Arsenal, Alabama These sites were selected after a comprehensive analysis and on-the-ground assessments that examined mission criticality, current energy shortfalls, grid resilience, local infrastructure, and environmental and technical constraints. The list does not guarantee that all nine will receive reactors; final locations and quantities will be decided during the acquisition process based on technical feasibility, site suitability, and available resources. Turning Nuclear Power Into Mission Assurance The Janus Program is the Army’s flagship effort to create secure, resilient, and reliable on-site power for U.S. military bases, in line with Executive Order 14299: “Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security.” Rather than building government-designed reactors, the Army plans to buy commercial microreactors through a milestone-based contracting model, managed in partnership with DIU. Private vendors will design and build microreactor power plants (MPPs) capable of: Providing up to ~20 megawatts electric (MWe) per unit Powering both fixed installations and non-permanent, expeditionary operations Supporting “islanded” operation if the civilian grid fails Offering high uptime and the ability to black-start key systems after an outage The Army’s near-term goal is to field at least one operational demonstration microreactor on a U.S. base by around 2030, while EO 14299 directs the Department of War to begin operating an Army-regulated reactor on a domestic installation no later than September 30, 2028. Why the Army Wants Microreactors Behind the bureaucratic language is a simple operational problem: Rising demand: Modern formations depend on sensors, radars, AI processing, space links, and cyber-defense systems that pull far more power than legacy command posts. Fragile grids: Extreme weather, cyberattacks, and chronic under-investment have made U.S. civilian grids less reliable, especially in remote areas like Alaska. Fuel logistics risk: In a conflict against a near-peer adversary, moving diesel by road, sea, and air is slow, vulnerable, and expensive. Janus is meant to transform nuclear energy from a distant, strategic asset into a direct tool of mission assurance—so that air defense, missile warning, command-and-control and cyber units keep fighting even if the surrounding grid goes dark. Officials emphasize that next-generation microreactor designs are “safe by design, not by emergency intervention”—relying on passive safety features, simplified systems, and factory-sealed cores that are meant to reduce the risk of accidents and limit waste volumes. DIU’s Call to Industry To move from concept to concrete hardware, the Army has asked the Defense Innovation Unit to run a rapid competition using its Commercial Solutions Opening (CSO) process and Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contracts—tools designed to pull in non-traditional defense companies and nuclear startups. The newly released Area of Interest (AOI) seeks proposals for: Microreactor power plants up to ~20 MWe Designs able to operate 24/7 with minimal on-site staff Systems that meet stringent nuclear safety, security, and safeguards requirements Concepts that can scale across multiple bases if the first wave succeeds According to the American Nuclear Society’s summary of the AOI, vendors have until mid-December 2025 to submit initial concepts. Selected companies would then receive milestone-based contracts, with payment tied to design, licensing, construction and testing achievements rather than traditional cost-plus models. Janus will build on parallel DoD initiatives, including DIU’s broader Advanced Nuclear Power for Installations (ANPI) effort, which has already pre-qualified firms like BWXT, Westinghouse, Kairos Power, Oklo, X-energy, Radiant Industries and others to demonstrate microreactor technologies for military and commercial customers. Lessons From Project Pele and Earlier Pilot Efforts Janus does not start from scratch. The program is explicitly designed to leverage lessons from “Project Pele,” a 1.5-megawatt gas-cooled microreactor whose core is now under construction as a demonstration for the Department of Defense. Like Pele, Janus reactors are expected to: Use advanced fuels (often high-assay low-enriched uranium, or HALEU) Be factory-fabricated and transportable, rather than stick-built on site Operate for years between refueling, reducing logistics burden But where Pele is primarily a single demonstration, Janus is deliberately structured as a fleet-building program, with the potential for dozens or even hundreds of units across Army and possibly other DoD installations if the first deployments meet performance and safety targets. Local Communities, Safety, and Power-Sharing Army officials stress that microreactor projects will be self-contained, heavily protected, and tightly regulated in coordination with the Department of Energy and its national laboratories. All projects, they say, will comply with federal, state, and local regulations, and the Army “does not anticipate significant impacts on installation land use.” A key political and economic question is whether excess power from these reactors can legally and practically be exported to surrounding civilian grids—for example, to support local communities or energy-hungry data centers near large bases. Analysts and Army officials acknowledge that this would require Congress to clarify overlapping laws governing military, commercial, and civil nuclear facilities. In the meantime, the service is promising public engagement, transparency, and detailed timelines for each installation as designs are selected and environmental reviews proceed. A High-Risk, High-Reward Energy Bet Supporters inside the Pentagon argue that on-base microreactors could give U.S. forces a decisive edge in any conflict where cyber operations, missile salvos and electronic warfare threaten national grids and fuel pipelines. They also see Janus as a way to jump-start the domestic advanced nuclear industry, creating a guaranteed early market for reactor startups that are also targeting AI data centers, industrial hubs and remote communities. Critics, however, warn of: Fuel supply bottlenecks, especially for HALEU The complexity of siting and securing nuclear facilities on multiple bases The challenge of coordinating oversight between DoD, DOE, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state regulators For now, the Army’s message is that the status quo is no longer acceptable. With Janus, it is betting that small, hardened nuclear reactors can become as essential to modern warfighting as satellites, cyber units, and advanced air defenses. If the program stays on schedule, the next decade could see something unprecedented in U.S. history: front-line combat power quietly underwritten by a network of compact nuclear plants, humming away behind the fence lines of American bases.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 15:46:14
World
MBDA has signed its first international export contract for the Sky Warden counter-UAV system with an undisclosed Middle Eastern country, marking a major milestone for the company’s rapidly evolving anti-drone portfolio. The deal follows Frontex’s recent recognition of Sky Warden as the “best system to protect the EU’s borders”, significantly boosting its global credibility. Lorenzo Mariani, MBDA Executive Group Sales and Business Development, said the agreement represents “a crucial step in our commitment to ensuring the security and sovereignty of our partners around the world.” He described Sky Warden as an innovative and adaptable solution designed to counter the growing threat of asymmetric air attacks, especially from drones of varying sizes and capabilities. What Is Sky Warden? Sky Warden is a multi-layered counter-UAV (C-UAS) defence system developed by MBDA to protect military bases, critical infrastructure, borders, and high-value assets from modern drone threats. Unlike many single-sensor or single-weapon systems, Sky Warden brings together multiple sensors, multiple effectors, and an AI-driven command-and-control network, giving operators a complete and automated counter-drone solution. It is designed to defend against a spectrum of drone threats—from micro-drones flown by individuals to tactical UAVs used by armed forces—at distances of up to 8 km. How Sky Warden Works Sky Warden uses a layered detection and engagement process, allowing it to stop drones in several different ways: 1. Detection & Tracking Uses multi-sensor fusion, including radars, RF detectors, electro-optical/infrared cameras, and acoustic sensors. Artificial intelligence identifies and classifies incoming drones, reducing false alarms. The command-and-control core merges all data and provides operators with a real-time threat picture. 2. Soft-Kill (Non-Kinetic) Neutralisation Sky Warden integrates: Omni-directional jammers to disrupt drone communications and GPS links. Directional jammers for precision disruption without affecting surrounding systems. Soft-kill methods are preferred when operators want to neutralise a drone without causing debris or collateral damage. 3. Hard-Kill (Kinetic) Neutralisation For dangerous or hardened drones, the system can employ: CILAS Helma-P laser weapon, capable of burning through drone structures at close to medium range. MBDA HTK (Hard-Kill) interceptors, small anti-drone munitions. Mistral 3 missile, with a success rate above 96%, for larger or high-speed UAVs. The laser weapon gives Sky Warden a near-unlimited number of shots, while the Mistral 3 extends its engagement envelope significantly. Sky Warden Specifications (Key Features) Engagement Range: Up to 8 km Target Types: Micro-drones to tactical UAVs Architecture: Modular, scalable, multi-sensor, multi-effector Sensors: Radars, EO/IR cameras, RF detectors, acoustic arrays AI Integration: Automated drone classification & threat prioritisation Effectors: Helma-P high-energy laser Omni & directional jammers HTK interceptors Mistral 3 missile Deployment Options: Mobile vehicles, fixed sites, or semi-static installations Integration: Can work with VL MICA, CAMM-ER, or other air defence networks Command Architecture: MBDA’s advanced C2 (command-and-control) framework Why the System Is Gaining Demand The global demand for advanced counter-drone systems is rising sharply, especially as drone warfare intensifies across Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa. In this environment, Sky Warden has begun to stand out as one of the more capable and versatile solutions available. What makes it appealing is not just one specialty, but the fact that it brings lasers, electronic jammers, missile interceptors, and hard-kill munitions together in one integrated system. Its ability to deal with drone swarms—not just single UAVs—places it in a different league compared to older technologies. Another major advantage is its modular design, which allows countries to tailor the system according to budget and threat level. With artificial intelligence assisting in detection and engagement, Sky Warden reduces operator workload while improving accuracy and response speed. Other Customers or Operators Even though this Middle Eastern deal is the first full export contract for Sky Warden, the system is not new to international users. Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, has already tested it extensively and rated it as the most effective counter-UAV system for EU border protection. Several European militaries have evaluated individual components—such as the Mistral 3 missile and the Helma-P laser—and expressed strong interest in its capabilities. Parts of the Sky Warden architecture, especially its sensors and jamming modules, are already in service with multiple NATO members. The new agreement is significant because it marks the first time the complete Sky Warden system—with all its layered effectors—is being exported outside Europe. Integration and Future Growth MBDA confirms that Sky Warden can be linked with larger air defence systems like VL MICA or CAMM-ER, allowing militaries to create a complete air defence network from short to medium range.The system’s capability continues to evolve, especially after MBDA acquired the Helma-P laser, giving it greater control over roadmap development and improving energy-based counter-drone options. A Growing Market for Counter-Drone Capability With drones now used for surveillance, smuggling, terrorism, and precision strikes, countries worldwide are investing in C-UAS technology. Sky Warden’s entry into the export market is expected to boost MBDA’s position in this rapidly expanding sector. As drone threats grow in complexity and frequency, systems like Sky Warden will form a critical part of future battlefield and homeland security architectures.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 15:00:39
World
The state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) has unveiled what it claims is the world’s first unmanned aerial vehicle capable of independently detecting, tracking, and engaging submarines. The new Wing Loong X made its debut at the Dubai Airshow 2025, marking a significant leap in maritime unmanned warfare and signalling Beijing’s ambition to challenge decades of Western dominance in undersea operations. A New Era in Naval Drone Warfare The Wing Loong X represents a radical shift in how anti-submarine warfare (ASW) may be conducted in the future. Traditionally, submarine hunting has relied on large, expensive manned aircraft like the U.S. P-8 Poseidon or specialized naval helicopters. China’s new UAV aims to bring those capabilities into an unmanned platform — cheaper, persistent, and harder to detect. According to AVIC and supporting reports in Chinese state media, the Wing Loong X is equipped with a comprehensive ASW package, including: Sonobuoy dispensers for underwater acoustic detection Lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes A maritime search radar Electro-optical and infrared sensors Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment Long-endurance flight capability for extended patrols Chinese representatives at the show said the drone can carry out the full ASW cycle autonomously — from sensor deployment to submarine classification and even torpedo launch — a capability no other drone currently claims. Technical Specifications (As Revealed or Estimated) While AVIC has not released a complete specification sheet, available data and defence-industry sources indicate the following capabilities: Wingspan: Approx. 20–24 meters Maximum Takeoff Weight: Around 6,000–7,000 kg Endurance: 30–40 hours (depending on payload) Operational Radius: More than 2,000 km Service Ceiling: 30,000–35,000 feet Payload Capacity: Estimated 800–1,000 kg ASW Payload: Sonobuoys, acoustic processors, torpedoes, MAD boom Propulsion: Turbo-prop engine with low-noise operational optimizations These specifications place the Wing Loong X in the category of high-end, long-endurance maritime drones that can cover vast oceanic zones for extended periods. Strategic Implications U.S. and European defence analysts view the Wing Loong X as an indicator of China’s expanding ability to project power across the Indo-Pacific and beyond. An unmanned ASW platform gives China several advantages: Persistent patrols over chokepoints like the South China Sea, Sunda Strait, and Bashi Channel Lower operational risk, as no crew is involved Cost-effective tracking of U.S. and allied submarines, which form the backbone of Western deterrence Export potential, possibly shifting the global UAV market Analysts warn that if mass-produced, these drones could create a large, persistent submarine-tracking network, complicating the operations of U.S. Navy and allied submarines in contested waters. A Challenge to Western Naval Dominance Western militaries have long held technological supremacy in anti-submarine warfare, especially through advanced aircraft, submarines, and sonar systems. But with the Wing Loong X, China is seeking to open a new frontier — one where unmanned systems dominate the underwater battlespace. Experts caution that China’s claim of full autonomous submarine detection and engagement remains unverified, since real ASW effectiveness depends heavily on acoustic libraries and networked sensors. However, the drone’s unveiling shows China’s intent and rapid progress. A Global Market Impact Several Middle Eastern and African delegations reportedly showed interest at the Dubai Airshow, suggesting that China may eventually export a scaled-down variant. If that happens, Beijing would become the first country to offer an ASW-capable drone to international buyers, reshaping regional naval balances. The Wing Loong X’s debut is more than a technical milestone — it is a statement of China’s ambition to dominate the next generation of naval warfare. Whether the drone delivers on its promise will become clearer over the coming years, but its arrival has already intensified global attention on the accelerating race for unmanned maritime power.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 14:07:17
World
Japan has begun trial operations of its new Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP) missile system, marking a major advancement in the country’s fast-growing long-range strike capabilities. The system, under joint development by IHI Corporation and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries since 2018, is expected to be formally inducted next year into the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. Officials say the trial phase involves field testing, mobility exercises, and integration checks with Japan’s command-and-control network. Public demonstrations earlier this year showed the HVGP launcher mounted on an 8×8 truck, validating rapid deployment and launch readiness. Expanding Japan’s Hypersonic Capabilities The HVGP is designed as a ground-launched hypersonic missile, using a solid-fuel booster to propel a gliding warhead at extremely high speeds. Once released, the glide vehicle travels at hypersonic velocity—more than five times the speed of sound—while maneuvering to evade interception. Guidance relies on satellite navigation supported by an inertial system, with advanced seekers planned for future anti-ship roles. Japan views this weapon as part of its broader stand-off defense strategy, giving the Self-Defense Forces the ability to strike threats from a safe distance. Block 1: Ready for Service in 2026 The version now undergoing testing, the HVGP Block 1, is expected to enter full service in 2026.Its key features include: A range of 500–600 kilometers, enough to target hostile naval vessels or bases threatening Japan’s remote islands. A maneuverable hypersonic glide vehicle mounted on a mobile truck-based launcher. A mission focus on island defense, particularly in the southwestern region where Chinese naval movements have increased. Defense sources note that some test data indicates Block 1 may even reach longer distances depending on flight trajectory. Future Blocks to Reach 2,000–3,000 km Japan is also developing follow-on variants—HVGP Block 2 and HVGP Block 2B—which represent a major expansion of range and capability. These future versions are expected to incorporate waverider technology, enabling them to ride their own shockwaves and achieve greater efficiency and speed. Their projected range of 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers would allow Japan to conduct long-range precision strikes well beyond its immediate region. They are intended for both anti-ship and land-attack missions, including hardened or mobile targets. Full deployment of these longer-range versions is planned for the early to mid-2030s. Part of Japan’s Evolving Defense Strategy The HVGP program is one of Japan’s most significant military developments in decades. It coincides with Tokyo’s shift toward a counterstrike capability, allowing Japan to hit enemy missile bases or other military assets if the country comes under attack. Alongside HVGP, Japan is investing in extended-range Type-12 missiles, the acquisition of U.S. Tomahawk cruise missiles, and deeper cooperation with the United States on missile tracking and hypersonic defense. Japan’s defense budget is also expanding toward 2% of GDP, reflecting a strategic shift driven by rising tensions with China, North Korea, and Russia. Strategic Impact in East Asia Regional analysts say Japan’s move into hypersonic weapons significantly alters the balance of power in East Asia. The HVGP gives Japan the ability to target high-value enemy assets—such as warships, missile sites, and command centers—with very little warning. China and North Korea have already criticized Japan’s hypersonic development, claiming it threatens regional stability. Japanese officials argue instead that the system is purely defensive, intended to deter attacks and strengthen the security of Japan’s far-flung islands. With trial operations now underway and full deployment approaching, Japan is set to enter the hypersonic era—reshaping its defense posture and reinforcing its position amid growing regional military competition.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 13:21:19
India
The Indian Navy is preparing to take a major leap in surface-combatant capability, with plans to secure Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for five next-generation, 11,000-tonne destroyers within the current financial year. Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff, confirmed on Thursday that design work for the new class is complete, and contract awards are expected within the next two years once approvals are in place. A New Generation of Smart, Heavily Armed Warships Although the Navy has not publicly released the full spectrum of upgrades planned for the new destroyers, reports indicate a dramatic jump in capability over the current Visakhapatnam-class (P-15B). The upcoming vessels are expected to feature: Enhanced air-defence systems with larger missile loads Long-range strike weapons, potentially including land-attack options Advanced anti-ship missiles Next-generation sensors and radar suites Higher power generation designed to support future directed-energy weapons Deep integration with autonomous vessels, UAVs, and underwater drones Vice Admiral Vatsayan said that many of these “smart technologies” were evaluated on a trial platform and refined for incorporation into the future class. “We have consolidated the systems needed for smart ships of the future,” he noted. Strategic Context: China’s Rapid Naval Expansion The Navy’s disclosure comes at a time of accelerating naval modernization across Asia, led by China. Days before India’s announcement, the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) commissioned Fujian, its third and most advanced aircraft carrier and the world’s largest non-nuclear warship. Fujian is widely considered a force multiplier that strengthens China’s growing blue-water operational profile. A recent report to the US Congress underscores the scale of China’s expansion. The PLAN’s battle force: Surpassed 370 ships in 2024 Is expected to rise to 395 ships in 2025 Could reach 435 ships by 2030 China also continues building specialized platforms; in mid-2025, it unveiled an amphibious assault ship designed as a drone carrier, further broadening its naval capabilities. China–Pakistan Naval Nexus and Indian Vigilance China, Pakistan’s largest arms supplier, is simultaneously strengthening Islamabad’s maritime fleet. Eight submarines are on order for the Pakistan Navy, with the first—PNS Hangor—slated for induction in the first half of 2026. Asked about the development, Vice Admiral Vatsayan said:“We are aware that China is supplying ships and submarines to Pakistan. We are monitoring everything closely and working on strengthening the defence. We know what kind of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities we need to counter such threats.” Building Indian, Buying Foreign Only When “Unavoidable” Reiterating the Navy’s strong push for self-reliance, the Vice Chief said the upcoming destroyers will be more capable than the Visakhapatnam-class and will be built domestically. The Navy, he emphasized, imports platforms or systems “only when absolutely unavoidable.” India’s shipyards are already operating at high capacity. As of now, 52 warships are under construction across Indian shipyards and are expected to be delivered within the next two to three years. A Major Step Toward Maritime Superiority The new destroyer program represents one of the most significant naval developments in recent years. With larger hulls, advanced weapons, and futuristic energy systems, the 11,000-tonne class is set to become the backbone of India’s surface fleet in the 2030s. As regional waters grow more contested—with China expanding aggressively and Pakistan modernizing rapidly—India’s planned destroyers signal a clear intention: to maintain a strong, technologically superior presence across the Indo-Pacific.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 13:07:46
World
A HAL Tejas fighter jet of the Indian Air Force (IAF) crashed on Friday afternoon during an aerial display at the Dubai Air Show 2025, killing the pilot and sending shockwaves through the international aviation community. The aircraft went down at around 2:10 p.m. local time while performing a demonstration manoeuvre. Witnesses reported that the jet suddenly lost control before plunging toward the ground. Thick black smoke rose from the crash site as stunned spectators — including families, women, and children — watched in disbelief. IAF Confirms Fatality, Orders Inquiry Shortly after the incident, the Indian Air Force issued an official statement confirming the pilot’s death. “An IAF Tejas aircraft met with an accident during an aerial display at Dubai Air Show, today. The pilot sustained fatal injuries in the accident. IAF deeply regrets the loss of life and stands firmly with the bereaved family. A court of inquiry is being constituted to ascertain the cause,” the statement said. The identity of the pilot has not yet been officially released. Possible Cause: What Is Known So Far While authorities have not confirmed the cause, early indications suggest the possibility of loss of control during a high-G manoeuvre, or a sudden technical failure mid-flight.A court of inquiry will analyse flight data, pilot inputs, aircraft systems, and weather conditions to determine what went wrong. Air-show demonstration flights are known to push aircraft to extreme performance limits, and even minor deviations can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Incident Comes After False Claims of “Oil Leakage” Went Viral The crash took place just a day after the Indian government refuted a wave of online claims alleging that the Tejas Mk1 suffered an oil leak during the Dubai Air Show. The Press Information Bureau (PIB) Fact Check unit clarified that the viral videos showed routine aircraft drainage: The fluid seen was condensed water from the Environmental Control System (ECS) And moisture release from the On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS) These are standard procedures in humid climates like Dubai No malfunction had occurred Officials called the claims misleading, saying propaganda accounts attempted to portray the Tejas as unreliable. Tejas at the Dubai Air Show The Tejas Mk1 has been a major part of India’s effort to showcase indigenous defence capabilities at global platforms. Its participation in Dubai was meant to highlight India’s aerospace manufacturing progress and strengthen export prospects. Today’s tragedy, however, has cast a dark shadow over the event and raised fresh questions about safety during high-risk aerial performances. Air Show Impact and Global Reaction Organisers temporarily halted flying displays following the crash. No injuries were reported among the spectators. International aviation communities and global air forces expressed condolences and solidarity with the IAF. Safety investigators from the UAE are expected to cooperate with Indian teams. What Happens Next Going forward, everything now hinges on the findings of the IAF’s court of inquiry. The investigation will likely focus on whether the crash resulted from pilot error, a technical or mechanical failure, or perhaps a combination of different operational factors coming together at the wrong moment. What the investigators ultimately conclude could have a significant impact. Their report may shape how India approaches aerial demonstrations in the future, especially at high-profile international events. It could also influence how the Tejas is marketed abroad, potentially affecting export negotiations already underway. In addition, the outcome may prompt HAL to review or refine certain aspects of the aircraft’s certification and safety procedures, depending on what the inquiry uncovers.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 11:55:20
World
Israel’s Ministry of Defense has signed a major multi-billion-dollar contract with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to increase production of Iron Dome interceptors, securing fresh stockpiles for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) amid ongoing regional threats. Officials described the agreement as the result of “comprehensive negotiations” involving both Israeli and U.S. defense authorities. Deal Backed by U.S. Aid Package The new order is funded through the $8.7 billion U.S. aid package approved by Congress in April 2024, which includes $5.2 billion specifically earmarked for boosting Israel’s air-defense layers—Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and the Laser Defense System currently in final testing. This funding ensures that Rafael can maintain continuous, high-volume production of Tamir interceptors, the missiles fired by Iron Dome batteries to stop rockets, drones, and other short-range threats. Signing Ceremony Signals Strategic Priority The procurement order was signed by Maj. Gen. (Res.) Amir Baram, Director General of the Israel Ministry of Defense, during a ceremony chaired by Defense Minister Israel Katz. Senior U.S. and Israeli officials attended, including: Brig. Gen. (Res.) Dr. Daniel Gold, Head of DDR&D Maj. Gen. Aaron Drake, U.S. Defense Attaché Brig. Gen. (Res.) Nir Halamish, Rafael’s Executive VP for Marketing Shlomo Toaff, Senior VP and Head of Air Defense Systems at Rafael Other top IMOD, legal, and financial representatives Defense officials from both countries participated in the negotiations—particularly teams from the Israel Missile Defense Organization (IMDO) and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA). What the Deal Means In simple terms, this contract ensures that: Israel’s Iron Dome system will have a much larger supply of interceptors—crucial for defending against large-scale rocket barrages. Production will run continuously, preventing shortages during emergencies. The U.S.–Israel defense partnership deepens, especially in missile-defense technology and manufacturing. Israel strengthens its multi-layered air-defense network, preparing for both current and future threats. Why It Matters Now The Iron Dome has been one of Israel’s most reliable defense tools since its first deployment in 2011. It has intercepted tens of thousands of rockets, missiles, and UAVs—often with success rates over 90%, depending on the conflict. During recent wars, Israel faced unprecedented barrages of rockets and explosive drones, highlighting the need for greater interceptor stockpiles. Large-scale conflicts can consume thousands of interceptors in days, placing significant stress on production. This new deal ensures that Israel can replenish and expand its reserves, preventing vulnerabilities during prolonged fighting. Role of Industry and International Cooperation Rafael Advanced Defense Systems remains the prime contractor, working with: ELTA Systems (IAI) – radar and detection technologies mPrest – command and control software The U.S. MDA – co-production and joint development of components Part of Iron Dome’s interceptor production takes place in the United States, enabling faster manufacturing and ensuring American industry benefits from the partnership. Strengthening the Multi-Layered Shield The finalized agreement fits into Israel’s broader strategy to maintain a multi-layered air defense network, which includes: Iron Dome – short to medium-range rockets and drones David’s Sling – medium to long-range missiles Arrow-2 and Arrow-3 – long-range ballistic missiles Laser Defense System (Iron Beam) – a high-energy laser nearing operational readiness This network is designed so that no single threat can overwhelm Israel’s defenses. A Strategic Signal By sealing this contract now, Israel is sending a message of long-term preparedness. With regional tensions involving Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, and Iran, ensuring sustained interceptor production becomes not just a military necessity but a strategic reassurance for the Israeli public and its allies. The new multi-billion-dollar Iron Dome production deal marks one of the most significant defense investments Israel has made in recent years. Backed by U.S. funding and developed through intense bilateral cooperation, the agreement guarantees that Israel’s most relied-upon air-defense system remains fully supplied, fully active, and ready for any future challenge.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 11:45:00
Space & Technology
Blue Origin has revealed a full-scale deployable aerobrake technology demonstrator, marking a major step toward next-generation planetary entry systems capable of delivering heavy cargo across the Moon, Mars, and even rapid-transit routes on Earth. The system, showcased this week, represents one of the most significant advances in atmospheric braking technology since the development of traditional rigid aeroshells. A New Approach to Atmospheric Deceleration The aerobrake unit uses planetary atmospheres to slow spacecraft, reducing dependence on propellant-intensive braking maneuvers and dramatically lowering mission mass and cost. Unlike conventional heat shields or aeroshells—typically heavy, rigid, and fixed in size—Blue Origin’s system is lightweight, deployable, and stowable during launch. The company says this flexibility allows it to scale easily for different spacecraft configurations. According to engineers familiar with the program, the aerobrake is built using high-strength, temperature-resistant flexible materials that can withstand the intense thermal loads caused by atmospheric friction. Once in space, the shield deploys to a much larger surface area than rigid structures, enabling more effective drag-based deceleration. Enabling Heavy-Cargo Delivery to the Moon and Mars Blue Origin believes the technology will be especially critical for future heavy-cargo missions to the lunar surface as part of NASA’s Artemis program, as well as long-term ambitions for Mars transport architecture. While the Moon has a very thin exosphere that cannot provide meaningful drag, the aerobrake would be used during Earth return or Mars arrival for landers or transfer vehicles carrying supplies, habitat segments, or fuel depots. For Mars missions—where every kilogram saved on braking propellant allows more payload mass—a deployable aerobrake could be transformative. The technology could also support sample-return missions, where vehicles must survive high-energy re-entries without massive protective shields. Potential for Earth Point-to-Point Transport Blue Origin has also highlighted the aerobrake’s role in future high-speed Earth point-to-point missions, where rapid deceleration and controlled atmospheric entry are essential. The deployable design would allow next-generation vehicles to brake more efficiently, making ultra-fast global travel more practical. How the Technology Works The company has not released full specifications, but aerospace analysts describe several likely attributes: High surface-area-to-mass ratio for maximum drag generation Modular, scalable segments for different spacecraft sizes Thermal-resistant composite fabrics capable of surviving extreme friction Compact stowage volume, allowing flexibility in spacecraft design Blue Origin’s aerobrake appears conceptually related to NASA’s Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD), but optimized for commercial heavy-payload operations. Part of a Broader Strategy The demonstration comes as Blue Origin accelerates efforts across its space portfolio, including the New Glenn heavy-lift rocket, Blue Moon lunar lander, and contributions to the Artemis Human Landing System program. Industry experts say the aerobrake positions Blue Origin to compete more aggressively in upcoming deep-space transport and logistics missions. What Comes Next Blue Origin is expected to begin subscale atmospheric testing within the next few years, with full integration on operational missions later in the decade. The company has hinted that the aerobrake might support upper-stage recovery, robotic lunar missions, and future crewed transport systems. If successful, this technology could become a foundation for reusable, fuel-efficient, and high-capacity spacecraft architectures, essential for sustained human and robotic activity beyond Earth. By unveiling this deployable aerobrake, Blue Origin signals a strong push toward flexible, scalable, and cost-effective atmospheric entry systems—critical for the next era of lunar, Martian, and high-speed terrestrial exploration.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 11:33:02
World
The U.S. State Department has granted a formal determination under its foreign military sales (FMS) programme approving a possible sale to India of up to 216 units of the M982A1 Excalibur 155 mm GPS/INS-guided artillery projectiles along with related equipment, services and support for an estimated cost of USD 47.1 million. Although earlier press reports reference a broader package (including anti-tank missiles) valued at around USD 93 million, this particular notification covers only the Excalibur portion — “the description and dollar value are for the highest estimated quantity and dollar value based on initial requirements. Actual dollar value will be lower depending on final requirements, budget authority, and signed sales agreement(s), if and when concluded.” Package Details The approved sale comprises: Up to 216 M982A1 Excalibur tactical projectiles Ancillary items and accessories Portable Electronic Fire Control Systems (PEFCS) with an Improved Platform Integration Kit (iPIK) Primers and propellant charges U.S. Government technical assistance, technical data, and repair-and-return services Other related logistics and programme support Additional publicly-reported details indicate the unit cost of the Excalibur round is roughly USD 90,000, and the prime contractor is Raytheon Missiles & Defense. What Makes Excalibur Different? The M982/M982A1 Excalibur represents a major leap in artillery technology compared with conventional 155 mm shells. Key differentiators include: GPS + INS Guidance: Provides far superior accuracy. Accuracy: Excalibur’s CEP is around 4 metres, compared to tens or hundreds of metres for conventional shells. Extended Range: Uses folding glide fins to reach 40–57 km or more depending on the firing platform. First-round hit & reduced collateral damage: Fewer rounds needed, higher precision. In short, while a standard artillery shell may need multiple rounds to destroy a target, Excalibur is designed to hit a point target with a single shot. India’s Use and Role in Indian Artillery India has already taken steps to integrate the Excalibur into its artillery forces. In December 2019, the Indian Army test-fired M982 Excalibur rounds from an M777 towed 155 mm howitzer at the Pokhran firing range in Rajasthan. Earlier reports indicated that India had procured an initial batch of approximately 600 rounds of the M982 in 2019 — around 500 with 20 metre accuracy and around 100 rounds with 2 metre accuracy. The Indian Army’s artillery inventory of 155 mm calibre includes multiple gun systems (such as the M777 ultra-light howitzer, the K9 Vajra-T, and Dhanush among others) and the Excalibur is compatible with all those systems. Thus, the current approved sale represents an extension or replenishment of those existing precision capabilities. Strategic Implications The approval of this FMS case carries both operational and diplomatic significance. Operationally, the acquisition of additional guided artillery rounds enhances India’s ability to engage high-value or time-sensitive targets with fewer rounds, fewer exposures, and reduced collateral damage — an important capability in complex terrain and along contested borders. Diplomatically, it signals deepening defence cooperation between the United States and India. By approving this transaction, the U.S. emphasises India’s status as a major defence partner and lends support to its regional security role. The fact that the package bundles precision munitions, electronic fire-control systems and sustained support underscores long-term cooperation rather than a one-off sale. Next Steps & Considerations Key points going forward: The sale is “possible,” not final — India must submit its final requirements. Actual quantity and cost may be lower. Integrating PEFCS with iPIK will be essential for full capability. India must manage sustainment, training, and logistics. Excalibur’s high cost means it will be used for high-value targets, not routine artillery missions. India already operates Excalibur, so training and integration challenges are minimal. This potential USD 47.1 million FMS case for up to 216 M982A1 Excalibur precision rounds marks another step forward in India’s artillery modernisation and in U.S.–India strategic defence cooperation. With its GPS/INS guidance, glide-fin range extension, and near-pinpoint accuracy, Excalibur significantly enhances India’s capacity to conduct precision strikes. As both nations move toward finalising the agreement, the deal stands to strengthen India’s deterrent capabilities while reinforcing the broader strategic partnership between New Delhi and Washington.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 04:35:50
World
The Johannesburg summit of the Group of Twenty (G20), scheduled for November 22–23 and hosted by South Africa, is set to proceed with a conspicuous absence: the United States will not participate in the official talks, according to a statement by the White House press secretary. Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt stated explicitly that “The United States is not participating in official talks at the G20 in South Africa.” She also rebuked criticism from South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, saying: “I saw the South African president running his mouth a little bit against the United States … and that language is not appreciated by the president or his team.” By contrast, Ramaphosa has argued that the United States — as the world’s largest economy — should be present. He claimed to have received late-notice communication suggesting a possible “change of mind” from Washington. “We have received notice from the United States … about participating in one shape, form or other in the summit,” he told reporters. Why the United States is sitting out The Trump administration’s decision appears rooted in a confluence of diplomatic and ideological grievances with South Africa. President Donald Trump announced his government would not attend the Johannesburg summit, citing alleged human-rights abuses in South Africa — specifically claims that white Afrikaner farmers are being “killed and slaughtered” and their land illegally confiscated. A White House official said Washington is sending only a chargé d’affaires to attend the formal handover ceremony of G20 presidency from South Africa to the U.S., but will “not take part in any talks.” According to Ramaphosa, the U.S. embassy in Pretoria had earlier communicated that “South Africa’s G20 priorities run counter to the U.S. policy views and we cannot support consensus on any documents negotiated under your presidency.” The U.S. appears to object to the Johannesburg summit’s emphasis on climate change, debt relief, and Global South resource-sharing — agenda items Washington regards as misaligned with its policy priorities. The U.S.’ importance to the G20 and implications of non-participation The United States holds a uniquely central role in the Group of Twenty. As one of the founding members and the world’s largest economy, Washington’s absence from leader-level discussions significantly weakens the forum’s claim to universality and effectiveness. By not participating in the official talks, the U.S. reduces the legitimacy of any joint communique or shared decision emerging from Johannesburg. South African officials have expressed concern that the absence of the U.S. could undermine consensus and even result in a summit without a final, meaningful declaration. In his remarks, Ramaphosa suggested he would be “handing over to an empty chair” when the presidency transfers to the U.S. next year. Strategically, the U.S. non-participation comes at a time when many developing countries look to G20 forums to address climate impact, debt relief and sustainable development — areas in which the U.S. plays a major role. Its absence may shift momentum toward alternative blocs or reinforce perceptions of U.S. retreat from global economic leadership. What President Ramaphosa said At a joint press conference with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President António Costa, President Ramaphosa asserted that South Africa had received a message from the U.S. signalling a change of position. “The United States is a member of the G20 … so they have the right to be here,” he said. He characterised the communication as coming “at the 11th hour” and suggested his government was assessing the “practicalities” of U.S. participation. Ramaphosa also emphasised South Africa’s insistence on a joint declaration despite U.S. objections. He described the broader agenda of the summit — under South Africa’s presidency — as including “solidarity, equality and sustainability.” Has the U.S. ever stayed away from a G20 summit before? In the history of G20 leaders’ summits, it is extremely rare for the United States to opt out of participating. There is no known prior instance where the U.S. refused to send any representative to participate in the main leaders’ talks of a G20 summit. While some U.S. officials have skipped ministerial or working-group sessions — for example Secretary of State Marco Rubio declined to attend a foreign ministers’ meeting earlier in 2025 citing “anti-Americanism” — the present case involves absence from the summit’s core deliberative forum, making it unprecedented. Is any other country adopting similar language or boycott? Yes — several nations are also sending delegations rather than heads of state, or skipping altogether. Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin are not attending and will send lower-level representation. Argentine President Javier Milei has also signalled alignment with the U.S. approach in this instance. While their motivations differ, the cumulative effect is a Johannesburg summit where multiple major economies are absent at the top-leader level. What this means going forward The United States’ decision to eschew official talks in Johannesburg opens several questions: How meaningful will the summit’s outcomes be with one of its most influential members abstaining? Will South Africa’s role as G20 president be compromised by the U.S. absence? Will this push countries to question the effectiveness of the G20 format? What will this mean for U.S.–South Africa relations, which now face a new diplomatic strain? For South Africa, the message is symbolic: the host seeks to assert the voice of the Global South, but the U.S. non-participation raises doubts about whether the platform is truly inclusive. As the summit convenes, all eyes will be on whether the U.S. will change course at the last moment and engage beyond the ceremonial hand-over. The exchange between Washington and Pretoria — including the White House’s admonishment of Ramaphosa’s remarks — signals a more tense diplomatic dynamic than is typical for G20 host-country interactions.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-21 04:14:26
World
Belarus has quietly emerged as a major ammunition-casing manufacturer for Russia, after establishing large-scale production lines with direct Chinese assistance. According to reports cited by Deutsche Welle, China supplied the Belarusian government with specialized machinery capable of producing casings for 152-mm artillery shells and 122-mm GRAD rockets, enabling an annual output of nearly half a million units at a single enterprise. Investigators say the new Belarusian facility produces around 240,000 artillery-shell casings and 240,000 MLRS rocket bodies each year. These are not complete munitions but metallic blanks, which are then exported to Russia. Russian factories later fill them with explosives, install fuses, and complete the final assembly — a division of labor that significantly accelerates Moscow’s ammunition production cycle. Chinese engineers reportedly helped set up the machinery and remain involved in overseeing operations on-site. The expansion of Belarus’s defense-industrial capacity comes at a critical time for Russia, whose artillery-dependent war effort in Ukraine has strained its domestic ammunition industry. By absorbing the labor-intensive metal-forming phase of production, Belarus enables Russian factories to focus on explosive filling and rapid assembly, effectively removing one of Moscow’s major bottlenecks. Analysts note that this arrangement helps Russia maintain high-volume artillery fire, a central component of its battlefield strategy. Belarus’s growing role extends beyond the 152-mm and 122-mm lines. Sources familiar with the sector indicate that Minsk is also expanding production of 82-mm and 120-mm mortar shell bodies, tank-ammunition casings, additional MLRS components, and propellant-related metal housings. Once fully scaled, Belarus could surpass 700,000 ammunition-component blanks per year, making it one of the largest indirect contributors to Russia’s wartime supply chain. The Chinese role in the process has raised political concerns in Europe and the United States. Although Beijing denies supplying lethal aid to Russia, Western intelligence agencies say China has exported machine tools, metal-forming systems, industrial furnaces, and inspection robots — all critical for ammunition production — to Belarusian plants supporting Russia. China’s deployment of engineers has intensified scrutiny, with officials arguing that this assistance effectively constitutes indirect military support for Moscow. For Belarus, participation in Russia’s ammunition supply chain strengthens its strategic importance to the Kremlin but risks greater international isolation and future sanctions. For Russia, the arrangement ensures a steady supply of essential components while relieving pressure on its own sanctions-affected factories. For Western nations, the development poses a fresh challenge to efforts aimed at restricting Russia’s capacity to sustain its war in Ukraine. With Russia continuing high-intensity operations, the new Belarusian production lines provide Moscow with a critical industrial cushion — one that could shape the tempo and duration of the conflict in the months and years to come.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 18:13:23
World
In one of the most significant shifts in German military policy since the start of the Ukraine war, the German government has confirmed that preparations have begun to supply Taurus KEPD-350 long-range cruise missiles to Ukraine. The announcement came from Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who said that months-long technical consultations between German and Ukrainian military experts are now “nearing completion.” While Merz made clear that Ukraine will be equipped with the system, he declined to reveal how many missiles will be supplied or when deliveries will begin. German officials say the details have been deliberately classified as part of a broader strategy to prevent Russia from accurately assessing Ukraine’s future strike capability. A Deliberate Air of Secrecy Berlin’s unusually tight information control marks a notable shift from earlier phases of the war, when Germany was more transparent about major arms transfers. Government advisers say that keeping delivery numbers and timelines secret is intended to complicate Russian intelligence assessments. “The aim is to narrow Russia’s ability to predict Ukraine’s operational reach,” a senior German official familiar with the consultations said. This approach mirrors policies adopted by the United States and the United Kingdom regarding the transfer of long-range systems earlier in the war. What the Taurus Missile Brings to the Battlefield The Taurus KEPD-350 is one of Europe’s most advanced air-launched cruise missiles — a precision, deep-strike weapon designed to defeat hardened targets at long distances. Key Specifications: Range: Over 500 km, allowing strikes deep behind enemy lines Warhead: ~480 kg MEPHISTO penetrator warhead capable of destroying bunkers and fortified structures Guidance: Multi-mode navigation — INS, GPS, terrain-reference navigation, and image-based terminal guidance Speed: Subsonic (Mach 0.6–0.95) Weight: Approx. 1,400 kg Length: ~5 meters Unlike simpler long-range weapons, the Taurus is built specifically for deep, precise, and low-detectability strikes, giving Ukraine a capability similar to — and in some aspects more advanced than — the British Storm Shadow or French SCALP missiles already in use. Why the Taurus Matters So Much for Ukraine For Ukraine, receiving the Taurus missile would be nothing short of a transformative leap in its ability to conduct deep-strike operations. With its extended range, Kyiv would finally gain the capability to hit vital Russian infrastructure far beyond the front lines — from logistics hubs and command centers to supply corridors stretching deep into occupied territories, including Crimea. Targets that once seemed unreachable would suddenly fall within striking distance. What makes Taurus especially valuable is its ability to demolish fortified and underground structures. Its powerful tandem penetrator warhead is designed for exactly the kinds of hardened Russian bunkers and command posts that Ukraine has long struggled to neutralize with its existing arsenal. This makes it a uniquely potent tool for undermining Moscow’s most protected military assets. Survivability is another key factor. Taurus flies extremely low, hugging the terrain to stay hidden from radar — a serious challenge for Russian air-defense systems already stretched across vast front lines. Its low-observable profile gives Ukraine a weapon that can slip past layered defenses and strike with precision where it hurts most. And unlike many systems that depend heavily on GPS, Taurus uses advanced multi-layered navigation that remains accurate even in areas saturated with Russian electronic warfare. For Ukraine, which constantly faces GPS jamming, this independence from satellite guidance is a crucial advantage. Military analysts believe that if Ukraine successfully integrates the Taurus into its operations, it could reshape the strategic landscape entirely. Russia would be forced to pull back key assets, reinforce air defenses over wide territories, and reassess the safety of positions it once considered untouchable. In essence, Taurus could give Kyiv the ability to expand the battlefield in ways that dramatically alter Moscow’s calculations. A Policy Reversal in Berlin Germany resisted supplying Taurus missiles throughout 2023–2024 due to fears of escalation and concerns over how Ukraine might use the weapon. The debate became one of the most contentious defence issues in German domestic politics, with critics accusing Berlin of hesitation that limited Ukraine’s battlefield potential. Under Chancellor Merz, Germany has taken a more assertive stance, lifting previous reservations and stressing that Ukraine must receive the capabilities needed to defend its territory. Officials say that earlier concerns about direct German personnel involvement — particularly regarding missile programming and targeting — have now been resolved through technical solutions. Next Steps and Remaining Challenges While Germany has confirmed the start of preparations, several key questions remain: What aircraft will Ukraine use to launch the Taurus? How many missiles will ultimately be delivered? How quickly can Ukrainian crews be trained? Despite these uncertainties, the political signal is clear: Germany is moving toward providing Ukraine with one of the most advanced strike systems in Europe. Germany’s confirmation that preparations are underway to deliver Taurus cruise missiles marks a major upgrade in Ukraine’s long-range strike capabilities — and a significant shift in Berlin’s role within the Western coalition supporting Kyiv. With a range exceeding 500 kilometers, a powerful bunker-busting warhead, and world-class navigation systems, the Taurus stands to become one of the most consequential weapons Ukraine may field in the coming months. The secrecy surrounding the delivery underscores both the sensitivity and the potential impact of this decision — one that could reshape the battlefield far beyond the front lines.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 17:52:32
World
China is quietly constructing one of the most extraordinary maritime structures ever attempted: a mobile, nuclear-blast-resistant floating artificial island, a 78,000-tonne semi-submersible platform capable of surviving super-typhoons, operating for months without resupply, and hosting nearly 240 people in the middle of the ocean. Behind its official label as a “deep-sea research facility,” international analysts see something far more consequential — a new kind of mobile sea base that could change the future of maritime power. A Research Platform That Looks a Lot Like a War Asset The project, officially named the Deep-Sea All-Weather Resident Floating Research Facility, was approved as a major national science infrastructure in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan. Its builders describe it as the world’s first self-sustaining, mobile artificial island, one that can operate continuously for 120 days while cruising at 15 knots. Its displacement rivals the PLA Navy’s newest aircraft carrier Fujian, and its dimensions — 138 meters long, 85 meters wide, with a 45-meter-high main deck — put it in the class of large naval vessels rather than research barges. Yet what truly sets it apart is something no science facility has ever needed before: nuclear blast protection. Why Would a Scientific Platform Need to Survive a Nuclear Explosion? A paper published on November 4 in the Chinese Journal of Ship Research, led by Professor Yang Deqing of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, reveals the surprising answer. The platform’s superstructure houses the rooms that keep the island alive: emergency power, navigation controls, and long-distance communications. If those fail, the entire platform — and its 238 residents — would be adrift. Yang’s team wrote that these core compartments needed to survive “the worst-case scenario,” including a nuclear shockwave. The design team therefore turned to a military nuclear-blast standard, GJB 1060.1-1991 — an unusual reference for a civilian science project. A Metamaterial “Sandwich” That Turns a Nuclear Shock Into a Gentle Push Traditional nuclear-resistant armour requires steel plates so thick they would cripple the platform’s buoyancy and internal space. Yang’s team instead created a metamaterial sandwich bulkhead — a three-dimensional lattice of corrugated metal tubes with a “negative Poisson’s ratio.” In simple terms, when this material is hit by a shockwave, it contracts inward and absorbs the blast instead of snapping outward like normal metal. Under nuclear-level overpressure, computer simulations showed: 58% less deformation 14% lower peak stress No permanent structural damage A protective bulkhead just 60 mm thick — slimmer than a smartphone The researchers call this effect “quasi-static conversion” — transforming a violent, instantaneous nuclear shock into a slow, steady squeeze. In tests, this metamaterial armor outperformed much heavier steel plates while weighing slightly less, solving a decades-old engineering problem: how to survive a nuclear blast without sinking your own ship. A Mobile Island Built for Tempestuous Seas — and Even More Tempestuous Politics What China has engineered here is not just a piece of scientific hardware; it is a floating statement of intent. Its semi-submersible twin-hull design gives it the poise of a fortress at sea, steady even in sea state 7, when waves tower 6 to 9 meters high. Engineers even claim it can ride out Category-17 typhoons — storms so violent that most ships would flee long before they arrive. But its real power lies not in what it can endure, but in where it can go. Unlike the concrete islands Beijing built in the South China Sea — which draw diplomatic fire every time they expand — this platform leaves no permanent footprint. It can quietly appear in a disputed region, linger for months thanks to its four-month endurance, and vanish just as easily when the political weather turns foul. It is, at its core, a strategic ghost: not quite a warship, not quite a territorial claim, but undeniably capable of serving as both when needed. Its mobility gives China a way to maintain presence without planting a flag, and its endurance allows it to wait out political storms just as it waits out typhoons on the open sea. Official Science Mission — and the Unmistakable Strategic Shadow Behind It Beijing insists the platform is destined for peaceful, scientific pursuits. On paper, it is a dream for oceanographers: a drifting laboratory for deep-sea environmental monitoring, long-duration climate research, seabed mineral exploration, and extensive testing of autonomous underwater vehicles. It fits neatly into China’s narrative of expanding its “blue economy”, a future built on underwater robotics, sustainable energy, and new discoveries in the deep. Yet even the most generous observers acknowledge there is more at play here. When a structure can withstand a nuclear shockwave, shelter hundreds of personnel, stay operational for 120 days, and carry enough equipment to function as a surveillance outpost or a floating command centre, it becomes something far larger than a research platform. In the eyes of many defence analysts, this isn’t just a lab — it’s a mobile forward operating base, wrapped in the language of science.And because it flies a civilian banner, it operates in a legal grey zone that warships cannot occupy. This dual identity — peaceful in appearance, powerful in capability — is exactly what makes China’s floating island so strategically unsettling. It is a vessel designed for discovery, yes, but also for deterrence, presence, and persistence in waters where Beijing’s ambitions run deepest. A Strategic Tool for Contested Seas The platform could appear in disputed zones like the South China Sea, offering China constant presence without the diplomatic fallout of building permanent islands. It could also support long-duration mapping, intelligence gathering, or logistics for unmanned fleets — capabilities that are increasingly central to modern naval strategy. Some analysts warn it could become a mobile intelligence hub, a deep-sea mining outpost, or even a dispersed command center hardened against nuclear or EMP attacks. Its endurance — even greater than some nuclear-powered carriers — makes it ideal for remote ocean basins far from the Chinese mainland. A Race Against Time — and Rival Powers Project leader Lin Zhongqin said China is “racing to complete construction” by 2028, pushing shipyards, designers, and material scientists to work in parallel. The platform emerges just as the U.S. resumes its own nuclear weapons testing, ending a 33-year moratorium and adding urgency to China’s nuclear-resistant engineering efforts. Globally, the development may accelerate the maritime power race, inspiring: U.S. interest in mobile forward operating bases, regional concerns among Southeast Asian nations, and scientific debate over the militarization of ocean research. Conclusion: The Birth of a New Class of Sea Power China’s nuclear-resistant floating artificial island is more than a science project. It marks the arrival of a new maritime concept: a mobile fortress-laboratory hybrid, able to survive nuclear shockwaves, ride out super-storms, and sustain long-term missions deep in contested waters. If launched as planned in 2028, it could redefine ocean research, reshape regional power dynamics, and signal the beginning of a future where floating megastructures — not just warships — become instruments of global influence.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 17:29:05
World
The United Kingdom has taken a major step toward deploying laser weapons at sea, confirming that its DragonFire high-energy laser system successfully destroyed high-speed drones during trials at the Hebrides range and will now enter full production. The announcement, made by the Ministry of Defence, marks Britain's transition from experimental directed-energy technology to front-line naval capability. The decision comes amid a dramatic rise in drone attacks worldwide — from the Middle East to the Black Sea — and growing concern that traditional missile-based air defence systems are too costly to sustain against mass, low-cost threats. For the Royal Navy, the DragonFire system represents a new defensive tool that can counter drones and missiles at just a few pounds per shot, a fraction of the cost of firing conventional interceptors. From Trials to Deployment: A Breakthrough Moment During the latest test campaign at the MoD’s Hebrides range, DragonFire proved it could track and destroy fast-moving aerial targets, including drones travelling at speeds up to 650 km/h. Engineers described the performance as the most advanced British laser intercept yet, with the beam demonstrating precision equivalent to “hitting a £1 coin from a kilometre away.” Following those results, the MoD awarded a £316 million production contract to MBDA UK, supported by Leonardo UK and QinetiQ. The funding will deliver ship-fitted DragonFire systems starting in 2027, initially planned for Royal Navy destroyers. What DragonFire Can Do: Specifications and Capabilities Although many details remain classified, open-source information and MoD releases outline the system’s key features: Power Class: Approximately 50 kW, with scalable architecture for higher power in future variants. Technology: British-developed coherent beam-combining, merging multiple laser beams into one powerful, stable output. Engagement Type: Line-of-sight weapon engaging drones, missiles, UAV swarms, and potentially small surface targets. Speed: Engagement at the speed of light, providing near-instant response to incoming threats. Cost per shot: Estimated at £10 or less, compared to hundreds of thousands for a modern missile. Accuracy: MoD claims precision equal to a “£1 coin at 1 km.” Sensors: Integrated radar cueing with advanced electro-optical and infrared tracking. These specifications place DragonFire among the most advanced operational laser systems developed by any Western nation. How the Royal Navy Will Benefit For the Royal Navy, DragonFire is expected to transform close-in defence: Cost-effective defence against drone swarms: Recent conflicts have shown how inexpensive drones can overwhelm expensive missile systems. A laser’s low cost per shot gives ships a new way to deal with mass attacks. Infinite magazine — powered, not stored: Laser weapons don’t run out of ammunition; they rely on the ship’s power. This gives commanders sustained defensive capability during prolonged engagements. Protection for scarce missile stockpiles: Saving interceptors like Sea Ceptor or Aster 30 for advanced threats strengthens the fleet’s overall resilience. A new layer in multi-tier naval air defence: DragonFire is not a replacement for missiles but an additional shield — one specifically designed for low-cost, fast, low-altitude threats. The Royal Navy aims to install the system on Type 45 destroyers first, with future plans pointing toward integration on Type 26 and next-generation vessels. Are Other Navies Using Laser Weapons? Several navies have experimented with laser systems, including the U.S. Navy, Israeli Navy, and reportedly China. However, very few have moved into full production and deployment planning. The UK’s DragonFire contract is widely viewed as one of the first major commitments to install high-energy lasers on combat ships as an official capability, not an experiment. This makes the Royal Navy one of the earliest adopters of operational maritime laser defence. Is This the First Order for MBDA UK? Yes. This is the first large-scale production order for MBDA’s DragonFire system, following nearly a decade of joint research with QinetiQ and Leonardo. The contract is expected to sustain 600 high-skill jobs across the country and accelerate the UK’s domestic directed-energy technology base. Work on More Powerful Variants Already Underway Industry officials say DragonFire has been designed with a modular, upgrade-friendly architecture, making it far easier to scale up in the coming years. They note that work is already underway on more powerful 100 kW-class versions, along with better cooling systems and enhanced tracking technology capable of engaging faster, longer-range missile threats. Engineers are also exploring land-based and airborne variants, which would expand the weapon’s role beyond the Royal Navy. In the long term, they believe that higher-power DragonFire models could eventually take on cruise missiles and even supersonic targets — missions that today’s laser weapons are only beginning to approach. A Turning Point in Naval Defence The UK’s decision to move DragonFire into production marks a significant shift in Western naval strategy. With global drone warfare escalating and missile stocks stretched thin, London’s bet on directed-energy weapons is seen as both practical and forward-looking. By 2027, Royal Navy ships could become among the world’s first to sail with a combat-ready, ship-mounted laser — a development that promises to reshape naval defence for the next generation. As drone warfare evolves, the DragonFire system positions Britain at the forefront of an emerging class of weapons that could eventually become as common at sea as missiles are today.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 16:21:59
World
Turkey’s defence industry has achieved a significant milestone with the successful production and testing of a new 127 mm/54-calibre naval gun barrel by MKE. The barrel was installed aboard the frigate TCG FATİH (F-242) and, following integration with ship-board systems, completed its first live firing. According to MKE, this marks the first time an entirely domestic 127 mm naval gun barrel has been fired from a Turkish warship. Integrating the System: Trials and Testing The installation process aboard the TCG Fatih involved mechanical fit-up of the barrel within the mount, synchronization of fire-control interfaces, and alignment with the ship’s sensors and magazine systems. The first trial firings successfully demonstrated structural integrity, expected recoil behaviour and compatibility with the ship’s fire-control system. MKE described the event as a “key step” toward qualification and serial production. Capabilities of the 127 mm/54 Naval Gun Barrel The 127 mm calibre (5-inch) barrel in a 54-calibre length measures roughly 6.85 metres, enabling high muzzle velocity and extended range. As part of the Denizhan national naval gun project, the system is intended for surface-fire support and anti-surface warfare. Domestic production strengthens Turkey’s supply-chain independence, reducing reliance on foreign suppliers. The system is expected to support modular ammunition, including extended-range or guided rounds. What Turkey Was Using Before Before this development, the Turkish Navy relied heavily on imported naval gun systems or older domestic variants. The most common modern standard worldwide in this calibre has been the U.S. Navy’s 5-inch/54 Mk 45 naval gun, a system long used on NATO warships. Turkey had already progressed with the MKE 76 mm/62-calibre national naval gun, but the new 127 mm system marks a major step upward in firepower and range. Strategic Significance Enhanced Fire Support: The 127 mm gun gives Turkish warships a powerful tool for long-range naval gunfire support. Industrial Sovereignty: Locally developed large-calibre naval weapons strengthen national defence-industrial capability. Fleet Modernisation: Integration on TCG Fatih suggests future deployment on advanced vessels such as the TF-2000 air-defence destroyer. Export Potential: A fully indigenous naval gun may open new international markets for Turkish defence exports. What to Expect MKE and the Turkish Navy will proceed with qualification firings, wider fleet integration, and operational testing. The data collected aboard TCG Fatih will guide final refinements ahead of serial manufacturing. MKE’s long-term vision targets full nationalisation of all major naval-gun components, including precision ammunition. With the firing of the 127 mm/54-calibre naval gun barrel aboard TCG Fatih, Turkey has underlined its ambition to field home-grown heavy naval artillery. This milestone not only demonstrates technical capability but reflects Ankara’s broader strategy of self-reliance in defence manufacturing. As development continues, the Turkish Navy is set to gain a more powerful, domestically built naval gun, enhancing its firepower, operational flexibility and strategic reach at sea.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 16:03:22
World
At the 2025 Berlin Security Conference, a major step toward expanding Europe’s air-defence capabilities was announced as Diehl Defence CEO Helmut Rauch and Lockheed Martin Vice President Chandra Marshall signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The agreement, unveiled at the conference venue, sets the stage for a detailed feasibility study on integrating the IRIS-T family of guided missiles into the Aegis Weapon System and the widely used MK41 vertical launch system (VLS). The MoU follows a Letter of Intent (LoI) signed the previous day, signaling growing transatlantic cooperation on integrated air and missile defence (IAMD) technologies. A New Phase of Missile Integration According to both companies, the first stage of the cooperation will focus on integrating the IRIS-T SLM, the medium-range variant already in service with several European forces. Looking ahead, the partners intend to explore integration of HYDEF, a next-generation hypersonic interceptor under development with support from the European Defence Fund (EDF). Rauch told journalists after the signing that integration of the IRIS-T SLM into Aegis and MK41 could be achieved within ten months, drawing from experience already gained during trials of IRIS-T SLM on Germany’s Type 125 frigates. He confirmed Diehl is prepared to proceed immediately once a customer places an order. Other missile variants — including the IRIS-T SLS (short-range) and the future IRIS-T SLX (extended-range) — may also be evaluated if navies express interest. F127 Frigates Seen as Key Candidate One platform expected to benefit from the integration is the German Navy’s future F127 air-defense frigate, which will become Germany’s first warship equipped with the Aegis Combat System. The F127 will feature the MK41 VLS and Raytheon’s SPY-6 radar, forming part of a U.S. Navy Program of Record. Rauch downplayed concerns about compatibility, stating that both IRIS-T SLM and the developing HYDEF interceptor should integrate smoothly, requiring little more than software adjustments. The missile’s IR seeker, he noted, requires no redesign. He also confirmed that several other European navies have shown interest in adopting IRIS-T SLM for their surface fleets, though he stopped short of naming specific countries. No Technical Obstacles Expected Both Diehl and Lockheed Martin stressed that no significant technical barriers are expected in integrating IRIS-T into Aegis. Initial computer-based integration simulations have already been conducted, with positive results. Their decades of cooperation — especially in missile systems such as Patriot and earlier IRIS-T programs — provide a strong industrial foundation. Chandra Marshall underscored that Aegis’ open-architecture design enables it to interface with both U.S. and non-U.S. effectors and sensors. She noted that the integration process would likely rely on Lockheed Martin’s SPY-7 radar and existing infrastructure, with a smaller, containerized Aegis test system shipped to Germany for live integration and validation. The outcomes would then be applied to larger Aegis installations worldwide. Integration Into the MK70 Launcher Also Planned In addition to naval MK41 integration, the MoU also includes exploratory work on fitting IRIS-T missiles to the MK70 launcher, a containerized version of the MK41 for land-based or shipboard use. The MK70 is designed to fire not only air-defence missiles but also larger munitions such as the surface-launched Tomahawk. This opens the possibility for smaller ships — including corvettes and offshore patrol vessels without built-in VLS — to deploy modern air-defence missiles like the IRIS-T SLM. Advancing Europe’s Air-Defence Architecture The agreement aligns with Europe’s broader push to modernize air and missile defence in response to evolving threats such as drones, loitering munitions, ballistic missiles, and hypersonic systems. Integration with Aegis — widely deployed by the U.S., Japan, South Korea, Spain, Norway, and soon Germany — could significantly expand the export potential of the IRIS-T SLM across NATO fleets. The IRIS-T SLM has already proven itself in combat, particularly in Ukraine, where it has been credited with high success rates against cruise missiles and UAVs. Statements From Both Companies Rauch highlighted the strategic importance of the collaboration, saying: “By combining their expertise and capabilities, Diehl Defence and Lockheed Martin can enable navies worldwide to benefit from the best possible air-defense systems for their surface combat ships.” Marshall echoed this view, describing the MoU as part of a broader shift toward scalable, next-generation IAMD capabilities: “This collaboration is further proof of the scalability and increased capacity of our programs, bringing 21st-century security to the world.” The MoU also comes shortly after both companies signed an agreement to strengthen cooperation on the global supply chain for Patriot missile components — another signal of deepening partnership in high-end defence systems. The Diehl–Lockheed Martin MoU marks a significant step forward in transatlantic defence integration. If fully implemented, the project could place the IRIS-T missile family alongside major U.S. and allied naval combat systems, giving European fleets more flexible and modern air-defence options. With the F127 frigates as a likely launch point — and several European navies watching closely — the integration effort could shape the future of NATO maritime air defence for years to come.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 15:49:46
India
In a major proposal that could reshape India’s future combat aviation roadmap, Russia has offered full-scale production of the Su-57 stealth fighter jet in India, including complete technology transfer of the airframe and engine, senior Russian defence officials confirmed ahead of President Vladimir Putin’s upcoming visit to New Delhi. The unprecedented offer — described by Moscow as “without restrictions, without sanctions, and with full sovereignty for India” — signals Russia’s strongest push yet to revive deep defence-industrial partnership with India at a time when New Delhi is diversifying its military imports and accelerating indigenous programs. Rostec Chief: “Russia Is Ready to Supply ANY Weapon India Needs” Rostec CEO Sergei Chemezov stated that Moscow is fully prepared to provide New Delhi with any weapons or platforms necessary for India’s national security, adding that Russia remains committed to long-term defence cooperation. “Including the Su-57E, we are ready for joint work. We can supply India with any systems it requires for security,” Chemezov said, reaffirming that technology transfer for the Su-57 program will be comprehensive, covering airframe, avionics, sensors, and the fighter’s next-generation engine. Russia Pitches Local Production of Su-57 in India Senior representatives of Rosoboronexport, Russia’s state arms exporter, revealed that the formal proposal for Su-57 production has been delivered to Indian authorities. The offer includes: Full technology transfer, including engine technologies Local manufacturing of critical subsystems in India Joint development of a two-seat Su-57 variant, similar to the shelved FGFA concept Long-term upgrade program involving software, weapons, and avionics Complete immunity from Western sanctions, as all technologies originate from Russia “Our technology transfer comes without restrictions and without fear of sanctions,” the Russian official said, in a clear reference to U.S. CAATSA penalties and supply-chain uncertainties that shadow Western defence purchases. He further emphasised that the proposal allows India to manufacture key components domestically, ensuring uninterrupted operational capability even during geopolitical crises. A Revival of the FGFA Vision — With More Control for India After the collapse of the earlier Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) project, Russia says it is ready to revisit the idea with greater flexibility and much deeper participation for India. This includes: Co-design rights over the two-seat Su-57E variant Greater access to mission systems Collaboration on radar, electronic-warfare suites, and weapons integration India-specific modifications for sensors, cockpit layout, voice/AI assistance, and networking systems Russian representatives stressed that India would retain “full freedom” to integrate its own weapons, including Astra, Rudram, and future long-range air-to-air missiles. Why the Su-57 Offer Matters for India’s Airpower Plans India’s combat aircraft roadmap includes the Tejas Mk1A, Tejas Mk2, the AMCA stealth fighter, and the MRFA tender. However, the AMCA is not expected to enter squadron service before early-to-mid 2030s, creating a potential capability gap. Russian officials argue the Su-57 fills this gap immediately with: 1. High Weapons-Carrying Capacity One area where Russia claims the Su-57 outperforms future AMCA is sheer payload — both internal and external. Internal bays can house heavy air-to-air and strike weapons External hardpoints allow additional missiles when stealth is not required Capacity for hypersonic weapons, long-range AAMs, and large-diameter glide bombs The IAF has long emphasized the need for a high-payload stealth fighter for deep-strike and air-dominance missions — a requirement the Su-57 is uniquely suited to meet. 2. Immediate Availability Compared to AMCA While India’s AMCA program is advancing, it remains several years away from prototype rollout. Russia argues that: Su-57 production in India could start much earlier Joint development of a two-seat version would strengthen India’s design ecosystem Indian industry would gain generational experience in advanced stealth manufacturing 3. Freedom from Sanctions and Supply Chain Disruptions With Western systems often vulnerable to export controls, Moscow highlights that Russian-origin technology ensures uninterrupted access, aligning with India's strategic push for autonomy. The Su-57: Russia’s Most Advanced Stealth Fighter Often compared to the F-22 and F-35, the Su-57 is Russia’s first operational stealth multirole fighter. Key features include: Stealth shaping and radar-absorbent materials 360° sensor fusion with AESA radar systems Supercruise capability (with future Izdeliye 30 engines) High manoeuvrability with thrust-vectoring Internal bays for air-to-air and precision-strike weapons AI-assisted pilot support and target prioritisation Russia has operationally deployed the Su-57 in Syria and Ukraine in standoff and air-defence suppression roles — experience Moscow says it is ready to share with India. Geopolitical Context: Putin’s Visit and India’s Balancing Act The timing of Russia’s offer feels anything but accidental. With President Vladimir Putin preparing to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Moscow clearly wants to put defence cooperation at the forefront. In many ways, this proposal reflects Russia’s attempt to reinforce its position in India’s shifting defence landscape, especially at a moment when New Delhi is exploring diverse partnerships. India has been increasingly purchasing Western equipment, and the Ukraine war has strained Russia’s defence production timelines. At the same time, New Delhi has become far more assertive about demanding full and unrestricted technology transfer for any future high-end system. Against this backdrop, the Su-57 production offer feels like Moscow’s way of signalling that it still sees itself as India’s most reliable long-term defence partner — and is willing to offer technologies others are reluctant to share. In essence, Russia is sending a geopolitical message: regardless of global tensions or shifting alliances, it remains ready to provide India with deep access, strategic autonomy, and sovereign control over advanced fighter technologies. What Happens Next? India’s response will likely be deliberate. The Indian Air Force’s earlier reservations about the FGFA program — particularly concerns about transparency and technology access — still loom large. But this new proposal is different. It promises greater openness, significant Indian control, complete engine technology transfer, and locally established production lines, all of which directly address India’s long-standing requirements. If New Delhi finds this offer credible, it could transform India’s aerospace trajectory. A domestic Su-57 line would not only give India a fifth-generation fighter years before AMCA becomes operational, but it would also build the industrial base and technical expertise needed for India’s own stealth programs. In that sense, accepting the offer would go far beyond buying aircraft. It would mark India’s largest-ever aerospace partnership with Russia and could dramatically accelerate India’s stealth fighter ecosystem, giving the country a major strategic leap in air combat capability. Russia’s offer of complete Su-57 production in India, with unrestricted technology transfer and a co-developed two-seat model, is one of the most ambitious defence proposals New Delhi has received in years. As President Putin prepares for his visit, the pitch signals Moscow’s intent to remain a central pillar of India’s defence modernization. For India, the decision will weigh immediate capability gains, industrial benefits, and strategic autonomy against long-term commitments to its indigenous AMCA program.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 14:24:14
World
In a breakthrough that marks a new chapter in unmanned air combat, Turkey’s next-generation stealth fighter drone Bayraktar Kızılelma has successfully locked onto a Turkish Air Force F-16 and achieved a simulated direct hit during a high-fidelity test mission. Conducted over Çorlu, the test is being hailed by Turkish defence officials as one of the most important milestones in the country’s aerospace history — and a decisive indication that unmanned platforms are moving into roles once reserved exclusively for manned fighters. The test showcased not just the maturing air-combat capability of the Kızılelma, but also the advancement of Turkey’s fully indigenous defence ecosystem. With locally produced AESA radar, a home-grown air-to-air missile, and multi-aircraft formation flight, the mission validated several critical technologies at once. A Fully Realistic Air-Combat Scenario The mission, lasting 1 hour and 45 minutes, recreated an operational air-combat environment. Two Turkish Air Force F-16s participated in the test: One flew in close formation with Kızılelma to evaluate joint flight performance The second served as the simulated adversary At an altitude of 15,000 feet, Kızılelma used the ASELSAN-developed MURAD AESA radar to detect the target F-16 from approximately 48 kilometers. After locking onto the aircraft, the UCAV initiated its fire-control sequence and simulated the launch of Turkey’s Gökdoğan air-to-air missile. Engineers confirmed that the missile interface, radar data handover, and engagement logic executed flawlessly, resulting in a virtual direct hit. This success brought Kızılelma’s cumulative flight time to over 55 hours, steadily advancing its progression toward operational readiness. Indigenous Technologies at the Core of the Milestone MURAD AESA Radar The centrepiece of the achievement was the integration of ASELSAN’s MURAD 100-A Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar — Turkey’s most advanced airborne sensor to date. Designed originally for modern fighter aircraft, the radar brings fighter-class detection performance to an unmanned platform. Technical Specifications: Frequency band: X-band AESA Detection range: Reported to exceed 100+ km against fighter-sized targets Tracking capability: Simultaneous tracking of 100+ targets Beam steering: Electronic scanning with rapid beam agility Modes: Air-to-air, air-to-ground, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indicator), terrain tracking Target identification: High-resolution classification via advanced signal processing ECCM: Electronic counter-countermeasures built for contested environments In the test, the radar demonstrated its long-range performance by detecting the F-16 at ~48 km, locking onto the target, and transferring the guidance data for engagement. Its ability to support a beyond-visual-range (BVR) engagement places Turkey among a small group of nations that operate unmanned combat aircraft equipped with fully indigenous AESA radar systems. Gökdoğan Missile Integration While no live missile was fired, the test validated Kızılelma’s full compatibility with Gökdoğan, Turkey’s new-generation beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE. This integration allows the UCAV to execute advanced aerial engagements independently using a national weapons suite. Missile Specifications: Type: BVR air-to-air missile Range: Estimated 65–80 km class Guidance: Active radar seeker + inertial navigation midcourse guidance Seeker type: Indigenous active RF seeker with home-on-jam capability Control system: High-agility aerodynamic control surfaces Warhead: High-explosive fragmentation Role: Interception of fighter aircraft, UAVs, and cruise missiles During the mission, the UCAV executed the complete firing sequence — Radar lock Advanced target-tracking algorithm Missile kinematic envelope calculation Fire-control logic validation This simulation marks the final prerequisite before Kızılelma proceeds to its first live air-to-air missile test, bringing Turkey closer to fielding the world’s first operational unmanned stealth platform capable of autonomous BVR combat. Kızılelma: Turkey’s Leap Into Unmanned Fighter Aviation The Bayraktar Kızılelma, developed by Baykar under the ambitious MIUS program, represents Turkey’s bold entry into the era of unmanned fighter aviation. Conceived as a stealthy, jet-powered combat aircraft, Kızılelma is built to take on roles traditionally reserved for manned fighters. From the outset, it has been shaped around the idea that a UCAV should not merely support operations — it should be capable of leading them. Kızılelma is envisioned to perform air-superiority missions, fly carrier operations from the TCG Anadolu, and execute high-maneuverability engagements that push the limits of autonomous flight. Its projected mission spectrum also includes deep-strike roles, electronic warfare tasks, and coordinated operations alongside manned fighters. Its design reflects this ambition. The aircraft features a low radar-cross-section stealth profile, a canard-delta aerodynamic structure, and an internal weapons bay built for reduced signature and high survivability. Engineered for the future, it is carrier-compatible, supports short takeoff operations, and relies on sophisticated sensor fusion and autonomous flight systems for complex mission autonomy. Kızılelma is being developed in multiple variants — the initial subsonic Kızılelma-A, followed by planned supersonic B and twin-engine C versions, signaling a long-term roadmap toward progressively more advanced unmanned fighter capabilities. Adding to its growing sophistication, Turkey has integrated the Toygun electro-optical targeting system, which complements the aircraft’s AESA radar and enhances its ability to identify, track, and engage targets with high precision. Together, these features place Kızılelma at the forefront of Turkey’s ambition to redefine what a UCAV can achieve — not just as a support platform, but as a fully capable unmanned fighter in its own right. Significance for Turkish Defence and Air Power Defence analysts view this test as a decisive step forward for Turkey’s air-combat strategy. With global air forces increasingly exploring unmanned wingmen concepts, Turkey is positioning Kızılelma as the core of a future fleet in which unmanned jets fly alongside manned fighters like the KAAN and F-16. The simulated F-16 kill demonstrates: Turkey’s readiness to shift toward AI-supported air combat A new operational model where UCAVs carry out high-risk missions Significant potential for export markets seeking high-end unmanned combat systems This achievement also projects Turkey as one of the first nations — along with the U.S. and China — to demonstrate a stealth-capable UCAV performing air-to-air engagement tasks. What Comes Next Following the successful lock-on test, the programme will advance to: Live air-to-air missile firing trials High-G maneuver validation Carrier-deck integration tests aboard TCG Anadolu Supersonic variant flight trials Transition toward serial production Baykar officials have indicated that rapid development continues, with mass production expected once testing phases are completed. Turkey’s Kızılelma UCAV has crossed a monumental threshold, proving that a stealth unmanned fighter equipped with fully indigenous radar and missile technology can detect, track, and engage a manned fighter jet. The simulated direct hit on an F-16 is more than a technological success — it is a strategic signal that Turkey is emerging as a leading force in the next generation of autonomous air combat. With live-fire tests and expanded capabilities on the horizon, Kızılelma is now positioned at the forefront of a global shift toward unmanned, high-performance fighter aviation.
Read More → Posted on 2025-11-20 13:56:41Search
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