JERUSALEM — Israel is preparing a multiyear expansion of its military space capabilities, including upgraded satellite intelligence, resilient communications and the development of offensive space systems.
The proposed plan includes systems to protect Israeli satellites from hostile spacecraft and concepts for striking targets on Earth from orbit. Defense Minister Israel Katz has said Israel aims to develop a true space-to-ground attack capability and become one of the world's leading space powers.
Israel is considering roughly 16 billion shekels ($5.4 billion) over the next decade for space-related capabilities, although the funding has not yet been secured. The plan is part of wider discussions over increasing the defense budget, with the Finance Ministry raising questions about available resources.
The program covers expanded intelligence collection through multiple satellite layers, continuous and resilient communications, highly encrypted links, cyber capabilities and contributions to missile defense. Planning involves the Directorate of Defense Research and Development (MAFAT), Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Israeli defense industries.
Offensive Space Systems
The offensive element has two main objectives: developing weapons to defend Israeli satellites against hostile spacecraft and systems capable of striking targets on Earth. One concept under discussion is based on the theoretical U.S. “Rods from God” idea, in which satellites release large tungsten rods that strike the ground at extreme speed, using kinetic energy rather than nuclear explosives.
The concept remains under study, with payload weight, launch costs and overall effectiveness among the major challenges. Concrete systems and development timelines have not yet been established.
Katz has also discussed developing space-based laser capabilities for operations above Earth. Israel already operates ground-based laser systems, including Iron Beam.
Satellite Intelligence
The push has been accelerated by Operation Roaring Lion, during which Israeli forces expanded their use of satellites for intelligence collection and target development. Israeli satellites captured tens of thousands of images of relevant areas, providing day-and-night coverage.
Avi Berger, head of the Defense Ministry's Space Directorate, described the operation as a major step forward in Israel's operational use of space. He received the Israel Defense Prize for technological projects connected with the Ofek 13 and Ofek 19 satellite programs.
Ofek 13 and Ofek 19 use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology. Unlike electro-optical satellites that depend on sunlight, SAR satellites transmit electromagnetic energy toward the ground and use the returning signal to create imagery. This allows imaging during both day and night and through clouds, while providing additional high-resolution intelligence capabilities.
Ofek 19, launched in September 2025, joined Israel's operational satellite constellation and supports Unit 9900.
The proposed program is intended to provide Israel with a stronger and more continuous space-based intelligence, communications and defense network. Israeli officials have stressed that achieving security superiority in space is increasingly important for maintaining freedom of action for the IDF and defense establishment.
The plans remain in the development and budgeting stage, with specific systems, timelines and final funding allocations still under discussion.
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