Rheinmetall has begun full-speed series production of UVision’s HERO loitering munitions at two RWM Italia plants in Sardinia, with assembly and electronics in Musei and warhead manufacture and integration in Domusnovas. This production increase supports a European order backlog exceeding €200 million and is part of Rheinmetall’s broader uncrewed and counter-UAS portfolio, marketed as a sensor-to-effector ecosystem. The work in Sardinia is organized to separate airframe assembly and electronics from warhead integration. Musei handles the assembly of airframes and electronics, while Domusnovas focuses on warhead manufacture and integration. This separation improves workflow efficiency and safety while ensuring that the production lines can meet European demand. The HERO family includes several variants designed for different operational requirements. The HERO 30 is a short-range, man-portable system weighing approximately 7.8 kg, with a 0.5 kg warhead, a maximum range of 20 km, and a 30-minute endurance. The HERO 120 is a medium-range system intended for precision strikes against armored vehicles and fixed positions, with higher endurance and warhead capacity. Larger variants, such as the HERO 400, HERO 900, and HERO 1250, provide extended range and endurance for engaging fortified or strategic targets, with the HERO 1250 able to operate up to 200 km and loiter for 6 hours. On production capacity, the Sardinian facilities have increased output compared with previous months. Current reporting indicates the combined lines are capable of producing several hundred units per month depending on the variant mix. The ramp-up ensures that Rheinmetall can fulfill existing European contracts efficiently while remaining flexible to adapt production according to customer requirements and specific HERO models. The integration of HERO into Rheinmetall’s defense portfolio emphasizes interoperability within a sensor-to-effector framework. Detection, command and control, and the munitions themselves are designed to work together within a broader uncrewed and counter-UAS ecosystem, allowing operators to coordinate surveillance and strike operations more efficiently. Practical considerations for this production include skilled labor, quality control for energetic components, and secure facilities for testing and acceptance. Full-speed production in Musei and Domusnovas allows Rheinmetall to meet current European demand while maintaining safety and workflow standards.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 14:32:27The Royal Navy's sixth Astute-class nuclear-powered attack submarine, HMS Agamemnon (S123), has successfully completed a three-day trim dive at Devonshire Dock in Barrow-in-Furness. This milestone is critical to testing the submarine’s stability, internal weight distribution, watertight integrity, and sensor systems, marking a key step ahead of her departure to join the fleet at His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde. The event follows the submarine's official commissioning by King Charles III on September 22, 2025. Trim Dive and Commissioning Commander David 'Bing' Crosby, HMS Agamemnon’s commanding officer, explained:"The trim and basin dive is a key step in the commissioning of HMS Agamemnon. This period enables us to set the boat’s internal weight, prove her watertight integrity, test sensors and put some of our systems through their paces ahead of sailing for the first time." Pete Tumelty, Astute Programme Director at BAE Systems’ Submarines business, added:"This trim dive is the culmination of months of hard work. I’d like to thank all teams involved for their commitment and professionalism. We’re incredibly proud of the contribution we’re making to the nation’s security and Barrow’s long and distinguished heritage as the home of UK submarine design and build." Henry Musgrave, Head of the Astute Delivery Team at the Submarine Delivery Agency, noted:"The successful completion of HMS Agamemnon’s trim dive marks a pivotal milestone in our mission to safely deliver available and capable submarines to the Royal Navy in defence of our nation. This achievement reflects the exceptional collaboration between the SDA and our partners across the Defence Nuclear Enterprise." Specifications and Capabilities Length: 97 metres Displacement: 7,400 tonnes Propulsion: Rolls-Royce PWR2 nuclear reactor, providing essentially unlimited range, limited only by crew provisions Crew: 98 personnel Armament: 6 x 533 mm torpedo tubes, up to 38 weapons, including Tomahawk Land Attack Cruise Missiles (range ~1,000 miles) and Spearfish heavyweight torpedoes The submarine can operate across a variety of roles, including strategic deterrence, intelligence gathering, and supporting carrier strike groups. Construction and Program Details HMS Agamemnon is the sixth of seven Astute-class submarines being constructed by BAE Systems under a £1.4 billion contract. Alongside Astute-class builds, BAE Systems is constructing four Dreadnought-class submarines, the future replacements for the Vanguard-class boats that currently deliver the Continuous At Sea Deterrent (CASD). The Dreadnought-class is expected to enter service in the early 2030s. Design work is also underway on future AUKUS nuclear-powered attack submarines in partnership with the UK, US, and Australia. BAE Systems Workforce Growth To support the busy submarine program and growing order book, BAE Systems’ submarines workforce has expanded from 10,700 employees in 2023 to 15,000 today. This is projected to reach 17,000 in the coming years, reflecting the company’s long-term commitment to UK submarine capabilities. Strategic Importance HMS Agamemnon’s commissioning strengthens the Royal Navy’s operational readiness and nuclear deterrent capabilities, ensuring at least one submarine is deployed continuously at sea, safeguarding the nation’s security. The successful trim dive confirms that the submarine is ready to progress toward sea trials and eventual full operational deployment.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 13:57:33
Russia has started equipping its Gerbera decoy drones with automatic evasion systems to counter Ukrainian FPV interceptors. This development represents a tactical adaptation, as operators are adding sensor suites and programmed flight responses to low-cost Gerbera loitering drones so they can detect and react to small, fast interceptors flown by operators using first-person-view (FPV) systems. The Gerbera began as a low-cost, fixed-wing loitering UAV often used as a decoy. Launched in groups to force defenders to reveal radar coverage or expend interceptors, it is inexpensive compared with larger attack drones. Ukrainian FPV interceptors—small multirotor or winged drones piloted by a live video feed—have proven effective at colliding with or destroying these decoys. To reduce losses, some Gerberas have been fitted with what are being called automatic evasion systems. An automatic evasion system on a Gerbera is not a single device but an integrated package of sensors and software. These typically include small auxiliary cameras or optical sensors, sometimes supplemented by radio-frequency (RF) or infrared (IR) detectors, all linked to the drone’s autopilot through a microcontroller running a short set of evasive routines. The sensors monitor approaching objects; when a likely interceptor is detected—based on relative motion, size, or bearing—the autopilot performs a pre-programmed maneuver such as a sharp turn, dive, or climb to break the interceptor’s pursuit path. In practice, this is effective because many FPV interceptors rely on a straight pursuit path guided by video tracking. A sudden, automated change of direction by the target can cause the interceptor to miss or lose lock. Since the reaction is automatic and near-instant, it can outperform a human operator’s response time. Most systems appear to use simple detection logic rather than complex AI—based on motion thresholds and predefined flight scripts—which ensures quick reactions and minimal processing load. Equipping Gerberas with these kits changes the operational trade-off. A drone fitted with cameras, processors, and detectors costs more per unit, but each surviving decoy maintains the saturation effect of a mass strike and forces defenders to expend additional interceptors. The main capability gained is higher survivability against low-cost pursuit drones while keeping the Gerbera’s basic navigation and flight functions intact. Typical specifications of the Gerbera remain consistent across batches. It is a lightweight, fixed-wing airframe with an approximate wingspan of 2 to 2.5 meters, powered by a small gasoline engine with a pusher propeller. The drone’s maximum speed is around 120–160 km/h, and its payload capacity allows the addition of light sensors and electronics. The evasion module itself generally includes rear- and top-mounted cameras, a miniature autopilot board, and basic processing software to execute maneuvers. These components fit within the Gerbera’s payload limit and can be swapped or updated quickly in field conditions. Limitations remain. Optical sensors can register false positives from birds or debris and lose effectiveness in low light or fog. Aggressive evasive maneuvers risk loss of stability or navigation errors, while mild reactions may still allow impacts. Ukrainian FPV interceptors now face these new challenges in targeting automated-evasion Gerberas. In response, interceptor teams are updating their systems with improved pursuit algorithms and refined pilot techniques—adding features like predictive tracking, rapid reacquisition routines, and coordinated multi-drone attack profiles to regain engagement success. These updates restore some effectiveness, but practical difficulties—sensor blind spots, environmental conditions, and the continual need for tactical adaptation—mean the challenge is reduced, not eliminated.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 12:55:49In October 2025, leaked Russian military documents revealed plans to produce over 1,000 units of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 main battle tank by 2029. This initiative aims to bolster Russia's armored capabilities, particularly in response to losses incurred during the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. T-90M2 Ryvok-1: Specifications The T-90M2 Ryvok-1, also known as Object 188M2, is an advanced variant of the T-90M main battle tank. Key specifications include: Engine: V-92S2F multi-fuel diesel engine producing 1,130 horsepower, providing a power-to-weight ratio of approximately 23.5 hp/ton. Armament: 125mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore gun capable of firing a variety of munitions, including guided missiles. Armor: Composite and reactive armor enhancements for improved protection against modern anti-tank threats. Active Protection System: Arena-M system to intercept incoming projectiles. Crew Compartment: Redesigned for enhanced ergonomics and situational awareness, featuring larger video-observation displays. Transmission: Upgraded to address mechanical issues and include a reverse gear. Production Plans and Timeline According to the leaked documents, Uralvagonzavod, Russia's primary tank manufacturer, plans to initiate limited production of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 in 2026, starting with 10 units. Production is expected to increase significantly, with a total of 1,118 units of both T-90M and T-90M2 tanks planned for completion between 2027 and 2029. The broader program, covering 2026–2036, aims to produce, modernize, or overhaul a total of 1,783 T-90M and T-90M2 tanks. Current Fleet and Operational Context As of late 2025, Russia's T-90 fleet has experienced significant attrition in the conflict with Ukraine. Estimates suggest that between 540 and 630 T-90M tanks have been produced since the war's onset, with over 130 destroyed in combat. This leaves approximately 410 to 500 units in service, constituting about 15% of the tanks deployed on the front lines. The T-90M2 Ryvok-1 is intended to replace these losses and enhance Russia's armored forces. Strategic Implications The accelerated production of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 reflects Russia's strategic emphasis on rebuilding its armored capabilities. The integration of advanced technologies and design improvements aims to enhance the tank's effectiveness in modern warfare scenarios. However, challenges such as production bottlenecks and the need for skilled personnel may impact the timely delivery of these tanks. The T-90M2 Ryvok-1 represents a significant advancement in Russia's main battle tank fleet, combining lessons learned from ongoing conflicts with technological enhancements. Its successful integration into service will depend on the resolution of production and logistical challenges.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 12:20:44OneWeb has introduced a man-portable Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication terminal designed for use by the Indian Army. The system provides field units with high-speed, low-latency communication links in locations where ground-based networks are unavailable or unreliable. The development is part of India’s ongoing efforts to expand modern satellite-based communication options for its defence forces. The terminal has been developed through OneWeb’s Indian operations in cooperation with Eutelsat, Intellian, and domestic technology partners. Weighing around 9 kilograms, the unit is compact enough to be carried in a backpack and deployed by a single soldier. It enables troops, patrols, and forward-deployed teams to maintain communication with command centres without depending on vehicles or fixed infrastructure. The device connects directly to OneWeb’s LEO satellite constellation, which operates at about 1,200 kilometres above Earth. Compared to traditional geostationary (GEO) satellites orbiting at 36,000 kilometres, LEO satellites provide much lower signal delay, improving the quality of voice, video, and data transmission. This allows personnel to exchange information in near real time, which is essential for situational awareness and coordination in field operations. According to available data, the terminal supports download speeds of up to 195 Mbps and upload speeds of around 32 Mbps. Its electronically steered flat-panel antenna automatically tracks satellites, removing the need for manual adjustment. The setup process takes only a few minutes, allowing quick network establishment during operations. The equipment is ruggedized for field conditions and built to tolerate dust, moisture, and temperature extremes. It supports encrypted communication, although specific details about security protocols are not publicly disclosed. The terminal can integrate with existing military radio and data systems, enabling voice, video, and command data to flow securely between forward units and higher headquarters. For the Indian Army, this terminal provides an alternative to traditional line-of-sight radios and limited terrestrial networks. It can establish a broadband link in any terrain, including high-altitude areas and isolated regions. Its low power consumption allows operation using portable batteries, supporting longer missions without the need for additional infrastructure. The system is also expected to be useful for other government agencies, including disaster response units and research teams working in remote locations. OneWeb’s partnership with Nelco, a Tata Group company, ensures compliance with Indian regulatory standards and facilitates the creation of local gateway infrastructure to handle traffic securely within the country. This initiative reflects a broader trend within India’s defence communications strategy, which aims to blend LEO and GEO satellite systems to improve resilience and coverage. LEO networks offer faster connections and lower latency, while GEO satellites provide greater reach and redundancy. Integrating both will help the Indian military maintain stable communications during complex operations. Once fully introduced, the OneWeb terminal will enable units in remote areas to exchange live imagery, receive updated mission data, and stay connected with central command networks. With the OneWeb constellation of 648 satellites now operational worldwide and Indian ground gateways under development, the country is moving toward stronger, independent satellite-based communication capabilities for defence and emergency use.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 12:03:08Hamas on Monday released the last 20 surviving Israeli hostages under a ceasefire deal brokered by US President Donald Trump, marking a major step toward ending the Gaza conflict. The handover took place as Trump arrived in Israel for a brief visit ahead of a regional peace summit in Egypt, declaring that the “war is over.” According to the Israeli military and the Shin Bet security service, seven hostages were first transferred to the custody of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) inside Gaza and were being brought to Israeli forces. Later in the day, Israeli officials confirmed that a total of 20 living hostages had been freed. The exchange forms part of a broader ceasefire agreement that also includes Israel’s release of nearly 2,000 Palestinian detainees, among them individuals convicted of attacks against Israelis. The mood in Tel Aviv’s Hostages Square turned emotional as news of the releases spread. Families of those freed and others still missing gathered in large numbers, celebrating through tears and song. Many expressed mixed emotions — relief for those returning home and sorrow for those who did not survive captivity. Israeli officials have said that not all of the deceased hostages’ remains are expected to be returned immediately. Under the terms of the agreement, Hamas is also expected to hand over the bodies of 27 captives who died in Gaza, along with the remains of a soldier killed in 2014 during a previous conflict. In return, Israel will free about 250 long-term prisoners as part of the initial exchange, while an additional 1,700 Palestinians detained during the recent fighting will be released gradually. The deal follows nearly two years of conflict that began with Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, when 251 people were taken hostage and more than 1,200 were killed, most of them civilians. Since then, multiple short truces and partial exchanges have taken place, but this is the first agreement to include all remaining living hostages. According to figures from Gaza’s health ministry, considered credible by the United Nations, more than 67,000 people have been killed during Israel’s subsequent military campaign, with over half believed to be women and children. In Gaza, the ceasefire brought a rare moment of calm. Displaced residents began returning to their devastated neighborhoods. “My eyes kept searching for landmarks I had lost — nothing looked the same,” said Fatima Salem, a resident of Gaza City’s Sheikh Radwan district. “We will pitch a tent next to the rubble of our home and wait for reconstruction.” President Trump’s visit to Israel was aimed at consolidating the ceasefire and preparing for an international summit in Egypt, where more than 20 world leaders are expected to discuss Gaza’s future governance and reconstruction. Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, Trump expressed confidence that the truce would hold. “I think it’s going to hold. People are tired of it. The war is over,” he said. In Jerusalem, Trump met with families of the freed hostages and addressed the Israeli parliament, calling the ceasefire “the start of a new era for the Middle East.” He outlined his 20-point plan for Gaza, which envisions a gradual Israeli withdrawal from parts of the territory and the creation of a multinational stabilization force coordinated through a US-led command center in Israel. The plan also includes establishing a new governing body for Gaza to oversee reconstruction and humanitarian relief. Negotiations over the final details of the exchange continued until late Sunday night, with Hamas insisting that several senior Palestinian leaders be included among those released. Israeli officials have reportedly resisted some of those names, leaving further phases of the prisoner exchange uncertain. Following his visit to Israel, Trump will travel to Cairo for the peace summit, co-hosted with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The meeting is expected to focus on post-war arrangements, Gaza’s reconstruction, and long-term regional security guarantees. Trump said he holds firm commitments from both Israel and Hamas, as well as from regional partners, regarding the next stages of the agreement. He added that he would be “proud” to visit Gaza himself once security conditions permit.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-13 12:00:55India is set to begin fuel loading at its first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at the Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu next week. This step marks a critical milestone in the country’s nuclear energy program, which aims to harness advanced reactor technology and utilize a closed fuel cycle for sustainable energy production. The PFBR is a sodium-cooled, pool-type fast breeder reactor with an electrical output of 500 MWe and a thermal output of 1,253 MWt. It uses Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel, composed of uranium and plutonium, and is cooled by liquid sodium. The reactor is designed with a two-loop system and a steam reheat setup to optimize energy conversion. Its core has a diameter of 1,900 mm and a height of 1,000 mm, with each fuel subassembly containing 217 fuel pins of 6.6 mm outer diameter. The reactor operates with steam parameters of 763 K temperature and 16.6 MPa pressure. Once operational, the PFBR will be only the second sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor in the world. Russia operates the BN-800 fast breeder reactor at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station, which has a net electrical capacity of 789 MWe. Both reactors aim to demonstrate the viability of a closed fuel cycle, where spent fuel can be reprocessed and reused, enhancing resource efficiency and reducing nuclear waste. Construction of the PFBR began in 2004, with an original commissioning target set for 2010. However, the project faced multiple delays due to technical and regulatory challenges, pushing the expected operational date to December 2024. The project’s estimated cost also nearly doubled from ₹3,500 crore to ₹7,700 crore. Despite these delays, authorities have confirmed that technical issues have been resolved, and fuel loading is now scheduled to proceed as planned. The successful operation of the PFBR is expected to pave the way for the third stage of India’s nuclear program, which focuses on utilizing thorium-plutonium fuels in advanced heavy water reactors. This stage is central to India’s long-term strategy of achieving energy security through a sustainable and closed nuclear fuel cycle. Fuel loading at the PFBR is a significant achievement for India, demonstrating the country’s growing capabilities in advanced nuclear technology and positioning it among the few nations operating fast breeder reactors.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 16:58:06The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has awarded a contract to Hyderabad-based Zen Technologies Limited for the supply of indigenous anti-drone systems equipped with hard-kill capability. While some reports suggest the deal value is around ₹37 crore, no official filing confirms that figure. In recent years, Zen Technologies has signed several larger orders with the MoD for counter-unmanned aerial systems (C-UAS), including a ₹227.65 crore contract in September 2023 and another ₹155 crore order from the Indian Air Force in 2021. The new agreement continues the government’s effort to strengthen India’s domestic defence manufacturing base and to enhance counter-drone preparedness across the armed forces. Zen Technologies has developed its anti-drone systems entirely in-house, building on more than three decades of experience in defence simulation and sensor technologies. The system, known as the Zen Anti-Drone System (ZADS) or Zen ADS-HK, is designed to detect, track, and neutralize hostile drones using both electronic and kinetic methods. It integrates multiple sensors, including radio frequency (RF) detectors, radars, and electro-optical/infrared cameras, to identify aerial threats in real time. The information from these sensors is processed through a centralized Data Fusion and Command Centre, which classifies the target and determines the most effective response. The soft-kill component of the system uses radio frequency jammers to disrupt drone communication links and navigation signals. These jammers can simultaneously target multiple frequency bands, including ISM, GNSS, and mobile signals, effectively grounding or redirecting hostile drones. For cases where electronic jamming is insufficient, the system includes a hard-kill option. This capability allows the use of a kinetic weapon—typically a gun integrated with the targeting system—to physically destroy the drone. In certain configurations, the system can also deploy a drone catcher that uses a net to capture and neutralize the target safely. The Army Air Defence College in Gopalpur received the Zen ADS-HK variant in mid-2024, marking the beginning of its operational fielding. According to available technical information, Zen’s anti-drone system can detect drones at a range of about five kilometres and jam them up to four kilometres, depending on their size and flight altitude. The system’s electro-optical tracking unit combines a day camera, thermal imager, and laser rangefinder for precise target tracking under all weather conditions. The modular architecture allows the system to be mounted on vehicles or fixed sites, making it suitable for deployment at airbases, border locations, or high-security installations. The procurement of indigenous counter-drone systems reflects the growing importance of defending against small and swarm UAV threats. Incidents such as the drone attack on the Jammu Air Force Station in 2021 demonstrated the vulnerability of critical military sites to low-cost aerial threats. The inclusion of hard-kill features makes the Zen system more effective against drones that are resistant to jamming or operate autonomously without a live communication link. Zen Technologies’ success in this field underscores India’s progress toward self-reliance in advanced defence technology under the “Make in India” initiative. The anti-drone system project also supports the broader objective of equipping the armed forces with layered, modular, and scalable defence solutions to counter evolving aerial threats. Even though the precise value of the latest MoD contract remains unverified, its implementation marks another step toward strengthening India’s domestic capability to safeguard military and strategic infrastructure against emerging drone-based threats.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 16:46:54Japan’s Maritime Staff Office (MSO) announced that the naming and launching ceremony for the fiscal year 2022 submarine will take place on 14 October 2025 at Kawasaki Heavy Industries’ Kobe Shipyard. The submarine is expected to be SS-518, part of the Taigei-class series operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The launch continues Japan’s program to modernize its diesel-electric submarine fleet using lithium-ion battery technology. The Taigei-class is the latest generation of Japanese conventional submarines, developed after the Sōryū-class. These submarines are designed for longer underwater operation, with reduced need to surface or use snorkels. The use of lithium-ion batteries provides faster recharging, higher underwater speed, and quieter performance compared to older models. Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries share responsibility for building these submarines. The launch of SS-518 adds another lithium-ion battery-powered submarine to the JMSDF fleet, following the lead boat JS Taigei (SS-513), commissioned in 2022. The Taigei-class has a displacement of about 3,000 tons, a length of approximately 84 meters, beam of 9.1 meters, and draught of 10.4 meters. It carries about 70 crew members and uses a diesel-electric propulsion system with large-capacity lithium-ion batteries. The submarine can reach submerged speeds of around 20 knots. The submarine is armed with six 533 mm torpedo tubes capable of launching Type 18 heavy torpedoes and UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. It includes design improvements such as a “floating floor” structure and sound-absorbing coatings to reduce noise. The sonar system, identified as the ZQQ-8, offers improved detection of surface and underwater targets. The submarine has an “X”-shaped stern rudder for better maneuvering in coastal waters and an updated combat management system for coordination with other JMSDF assets. The addition of SS-518 will strengthen Japan’s submarine operations, particularly in monitoring nearby waters where Chinese and Russian naval activities are common. The Taigei-class emphasizes longer underwater endurance, reduced detection risk, and improved operational reliability for Japan’s undersea fleet.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 15:57:18The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has approved a proposal worth about ₹5,150 crore for the procurement of the ‘Dharashakti’ Integrated Electronic Warfare (EW) System for the Indian Armed Forces. The approval, granted in October 2025, falls under the Buy (Indian – Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured) category to support domestic defence production. The Dharashakti system is intended to strengthen electronic warfare capabilities across communication (COM) and non-communication (Non-COM) domains. In the communication segment, it will intercept, monitor, and protect radio-frequency signals, while also maintaining secure links under electronic interference. In the non-communication segment, it will detect and counter radar and electromagnetic emissions through jamming and electronic counter-measures. The system is being developed for deployment in desert and plain terrain, where it will be used to monitor and manage the electromagnetic spectrum in field conditions. It will include an electro-optical suite for observation and target detection, along with long-range communication systems that can resist interference and jamming. Officials have indicated that the project will help improve coordination and situational awareness for field units. Once inducted, Dharashakti will add to the existing network of electronic warfare systems operated by the armed forces and enhance overall spectrum management capability. The approval is part of ongoing defence modernisation efforts. In recent months, the DAC has cleared several procurement proposals for the Army, Navy, and Air Force, covering areas such as radars, unmanned systems, and air defence equipment. The Dharashakti system will move to the next stage of production and trials before being integrated into service.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 14:54:23On Monday, October 13, 2025, Belgium received its first four F-35A Lightning II fighter jets at Florennes Air Base, marking a significant milestone in the country's defense modernization efforts. This delivery initiates the replacement of Belgium's aging fleet of F-16s with advanced fifth-generation aircraft, enhancing its capabilities within NATO's defense framework. F-35A Acquisition Deal and Budget In October 2018, Belgium officially selected the F-35A to replace its fleet of approximately 54 F-16s. The total purchasing price for the aircraft and its support until 2030 was $4.32 billion, $648 million less than the initially budgeted $4.97 billion. In July 2025, Belgium committed to purchasing an additional 11 F-35A jets, bringing the total fleet to 45. The investment for these 11 aircraft is estimated to cost between $1.08 billion and $1.62 billion, with an average unit price of around $86.4 million, including support and additional training. To support these acquisitions, Belgium's defense budget is set to rise from $11.66 billion to $19.66 billion, totaling $150.12 billion over the next decade. F-35A Arrival at Florennes Air Base The four F-35As, manufactured by Lockheed Martin, arrived at Florennes Air Base in Wallonia, Belgium, as part of the Belgian Air Component's transition to modernize its fleet. This transition is essential for maintaining operational effectiveness and interoperability with NATO allies. The aircraft were delivered from Lockheed Martin's production facility in Fort Worth, Texas, to Florennes Air Base. Impact on F-16 Transfers to Ukraine The arrival of the F-35As enables Belgium to fulfill its commitment to transfer 30 F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine by 2028. This decision aligns with NATO's collective defense objectives and supports Ukraine's defense capabilities amid ongoing regional tensions. The transfer of these aircraft is expected to commence in late 2025, following the completion of necessary training and logistical preparations. Belgium's Commitment to NATO and Ukraine Belgium's acquisition of the F-35A jets underscores its dedication to enhancing its defense posture and fulfilling international commitments. The decision to transfer F-16s to Ukraine reflects Belgium's support for NATO allies and its role in contributing to regional stability. The phased delivery of these aircraft will be coordinated to ensure seamless integration into the Ukrainian Air Force's operations. Future Outlook Looking ahead, Belgium plans to continue its modernization efforts by acquiring additional F-35As, with discussions underway to expand the fleet further. This strategic move aims to bolster Belgium's defense capabilities and maintain its contributions to NATO's collective security initiatives. In conclusion, the arrival of the F-35A jets at Florennes Air Base represents a pivotal development in Belgium's defense strategy, facilitating the planned transfer of F-16s to Ukraine and reinforcing Belgium's commitment to NATO and regional security.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 14:39:19The United States has been assisting Ukraine in conducting long-range strikes on Russian energy facilities, aiming to weaken Russia's economy and compel President Vladimir Putin to negotiate. The coordinated effort, reported by the Financial Times on October 12, 2025, involves sharing intelligence that enables Ukraine to target energy infrastructure, including oil refineries, well beyond the front lines. Intelligence Sharing Enhances Strike Accuracy Since midsummer 2025, U.S. intelligence has been instrumental in guiding Ukrainian drone and missile attacks on Russian energy assets. This support includes providing information on the vulnerabilities of specific targets and assisting in route planning, thereby increasing the precision and effectiveness of the strikes. The campaign has led to significant disruptions in Russian oil refining operations, reducing refined fuel capacity by up to 20%, curtailing diesel exports, and forcing Russia to import fuel. These impacts have contributed to increased petrol prices within Russia Policy Shift Reflects Strategic Objectives The U.S. support for Ukraine's long-range strikes marks a shift in policy. Previously, the U.S. had been cautious about escalating the conflict. However, following a July 2025 call between U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, during which Trump reportedly questioned whether Ukraine could strike Moscow with U.S.-supplied long-range weapons, the U.S. administration became more actively involved in targeting and operational planning Impact on Russian Energy Sector The Ukrainian strikes have targeted key Russian energy facilities, including the Bashneft-UNPZ refinery. These attacks have significantly disrupted Russian oil refining operations, leading to a reduction in refined fuel capacity and a decrease in diesel exports. As a result, Russia has been forced to import fuel to meet domestic demand, and petrol prices have risen within the country The United States' intelligence support for Ukraine's long-range strikes on Russian energy infrastructure represents a strategic effort to weaken Russia's economy and pressure President Putin into negotiations. By providing critical intelligence, the U.S. has enabled Ukraine to conduct precise and impactful attacks on Russian energy assets, thereby influencing the course of the conflict.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 14:16:10On September 30, 2025, President Donald Trump spoke to top U.S. military commanders at Marine Corps Base Quantico amid a federal government shutdown that has lasted three weeks. He assured that American service members would receive their paychecks on October 15, despite the ongoing budget stalemate in Congress. Trump explained on Truth Social that his administration had “identified funds” to ensure timely payment. He instructed Secretary of War Pete Hegseth to “use all available funds” to facilitate the payroll, effectively bypassing the budget delay. According to the White House Office of Management and Budget, the administration plans to redirect around $8 billion from the Pentagon’s unused research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT&E) funds from the previous fiscal year. These funds, which are available for two years, will temporarily cover military pay while the shutdown continues. This decision prevents service members from missing their first paychecks during the shutdown, a scenario that could have created public concern and political backlash. However, redirecting funds already allocated for other purposes may raise legal questions, as only Congress can authorize federal spending. Political dynamics add further complexity. Some Congressional Republicans have opposed passing a standalone bill to guarantee military pay, hoping pressure from voters will push Democrats to end the shutdown. While the Pentagon’s temporary solution uses leftover RDT&E funds, it may not be a long-term fix if the shutdown continues. There is also uncertainty about the Coast Guard, which is funded under the Department of Homeland Security. During past shutdowns, such as in 2019, Coast Guard members experienced delays in pay, showing that they remain vulnerable in this situation. Trump’s focus on military pay highlights the administration’s priority to support service members. At a recent Navy anniversary event, he said, “We will get our service members every last penny,” emphasizing the importance of timely compensation. The situation illustrates the tension between executive emergency measures and Congress’s constitutional authority over spending. While troops are expected to be paid next week, bypassing normal congressional procedures could lead to legal and political challenges if the shutdown continues.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 14:08:59Pakistan Claims It has captured 19 Afghan security posts along the Pak-Afghan border and targeted several militant hideouts in response to attacks by Afghan forces, according to Pakistani security sources. The operations were carried out in areas where Afghan forces reportedly fired on Pakistani posts and attempted cross-border infiltrations. Security sources stated that Afghan forces opened fire on Pakistani posts in Angoor Adda, Bajaur, Kurram, Dir, Chitral in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baramcha in Balochistan. Pakistani forces responded with prompt and effective retaliatory operations using artillery, tanks, light and heavy weapons, drones, and air support. “So far, Pakistan has captured 19 Afghan posts on the Afghan border from where attacks were being launched on Pakistan,” state broadcaster PTV News reported, citing security sources. Several Afghan soldiers were reportedly killed, and militant formations were forced to retreat due to the intensity of Pakistan’s response. Pakistani forces targeted Afghan military positions and militant hideouts, including Taliban and Daesh facilities operating under the protection of the interim Afghan government. Security sources said a Taliban tank position and the Second Battalion Headquarters of the First Brigade in Baramcha, reportedly used for deploying TTP militants, were destroyed, causing significant casualties and material losses. Additionally, Durani Camp No. 2, described as a central launch site for cross-border militant activity, was destroyed, with initial reports suggesting over 50 Taliban and foreign fighters were killed. Several Afghan posts, including Doran Mela, Turkmanzai, Afghani Shaheedan, and Jandoser in Kharlachi and Baramcha sectors, were also destroyed. Pakistan’s Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi described the Afghan attacks on Pakistani posts as unprovoked and said Afghan forces fired on civilian populations, violating international laws. He emphasized that Pakistan’s forces responded decisively and remain alert to prevent further incursions. Security sources added that Afghan forces failed to provide covering fire for militants during the retaliatory strikes. Pakistani operations also targeted TTP and Daesh hideouts inside Afghanistan. Pakistani posts in Baramcha, Chagai district, came under fire as Afghan forces attempted infiltration into Pishin and Zhob districts, but these attempts were successfully repelled. State-run Radio Pakistan shared footage of Afghan posts on fire and Afghan soldiers surrendering in Kurram. Security sources reiterated that Pakistan’s response was strong, precise, and targeted at neutralizing terrorist threats along the border. Sources reported that Pakistani border posts in the Baramcha area of Chagai district, Balochistan, also came under attack, as Afghan forces allegedly opened indiscriminate fire with heavy weapons late on Saturday night.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 11:22:14Japan has unveiled the world’s first autonomous hydrogen-powered tractor, marking a major milestone in clean and automated farming technology. Developed by Kubota Corporation, the concept tractor was showcased during the Hydrogen Energy Park exhibition at the upcoming World Expo 2025 in Osaka. This innovative machine operates entirely on a hydrogen fuel cell system, producing zero emissions and functioning without a driver’s seat, as it can drive itself or be remotely operated. The hydrogen tractor is powered by a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, which generates electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen. The only by-product of this process is water, making it completely carbon-free. The tractor’s performance is said to be comparable to a 100-horsepower diesel tractor, but with far cleaner energy conversion and less vibration or noise during operation. With a single hydrogen refueling, it can reportedly run for about half a day, offering sufficient endurance for medium to large-scale farming operations. Designed for practical agricultural use, the autonomous system allows the tractor to operate unmanned, navigating fields and even moving between them autonomously. The machine integrates AI-powered sensors and cameras to detect humans, animals, or obstacles, ensuring safe operation by stopping automatically when something is detected in its path. The tractor has no steering wheel or cabin, highlighting its complete reliance on remote or autonomous control technology. Measuring approximately 4.4 meters in length, 2.2 meters in width, and 2.3 meters in height, it maintains the size and capability of a full-scale field tractor while incorporating an advanced hydrogen system. Kubota’s introduction of this hydrogen tractor reflects Japan’s broader efforts to promote decarbonization and hydrogen-based energy in multiple sectors, including agriculture. The company aims to address two major challenges facing Japan’s agricultural sector — reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dealing with labor shortages caused by an aging rural population. Autonomous and zero-emission tractors like this one could help farmers manage larger areas with fewer workers while supporting national sustainability goals. The choice of hydrogen fuel cells over battery-electric systems is based on their higher energy density and faster refueling time, which are crucial advantages for continuous agricultural work. Battery-electric tractors often face challenges related to long charging times and limited range, especially when used in remote or large fields. Hydrogen fuel cells, by contrast, allow for quick refueling similar to diesel while maintaining clean operation. However, there are still practical issues that need to be resolved before the tractor can be widely adopted. Kubota plans to conduct field tests across Japan to evaluate its durability, safety, and efficiency in real-world farming environments. The development of hydrogen refueling infrastructure in rural areas will also be essential to make such machines commercially viable. Ensuring safety in hydrogen storage and transport will be another key factor in its long-term deployment. The unveiling of this tractor is not just a technological demonstration but a significant step toward integrating automation and clean energy in agriculture. If successful, it could reshape how modern farms operate, setting a new global standard for environmentally friendly and intelligent agricultural machinery. With further testing and refinement, Japan’s hydrogen-powered autonomous tractor could become a model for future farming systems worldwide — combining zero emissions, high performance, and self-driving innovation in one groundbreaking design.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 11:04:31Retired Ukrainian Lieutenant General Igor Romanenko has said that the effectiveness of U.S.-supplied Patriot air defence systems in Ukraine has fallen sharply, from roughly 42% to 6% in recent months. Romanenko made the claim on Ukrainian television, attributing the drop to recent Russian missile upgrades that introduce advanced terminal manoeuvres through new guidance software. His comments have been reported in Ukrainian and regional outlets and picked up by several international news sources. Independent reporting by the Financial Times reached similar conclusions about a broader national decline in ballistic-missile interception rates. The FT reported that Ukrainian and Western officials observed interception performance drop from the high-30s percentage range in August to single digits by September, and linked that deterioration to changes in Russian missile behaviour consistent with software-level upgrades. Ukraine is reportedly sharing this engagement data with U.S. authorities and defence contractors to help restore performance. Ukraine has provided engagement and telemetry data from Patriot firings to the U.S. Department of Defense and to defence industry partners, including Raytheon (Patriot system manufacturer) and Lockheed Martin (interceptor producer). These partners are analysing the data to adjust fire-control algorithms and intercept logic to counter the new Russian missile patterns. Reports suggest that recent Russian missile updates focus on software-driven enhancements to terminal-phase flight profiles. Missiles now follow a standard ballistic path for most of their flight but perform abrupt dives or lateral shifts just before impact. These last-second manoeuvres reduce the reaction time available for interceptors, complicating the target tracking process. How software-driven manoeuvres weaken air defences Late-phase trajectory changes – When a missile suddenly alters its path during the terminal phase, it disrupts the interceptor’s predicted collision course. Patriot interceptors, like most systems, depend on pre-calculated trajectories; abrupt shifts leave too little time to re-adjust. Guidance and tracking confusion – Air defence radars and guidance systems use algorithms expecting ballistic or quasi-ballistic motion. Sudden deviations caused by new software create false tracking data, reducing the accuracy of intercepts. No need for hardware redesigns – Analysts note that these capabilities are achieved mainly through guidance software updates, not structural changes. Existing control surfaces or thrust-vectoring systems allow for rapid deployment of these improvements without redesigning the missile. Efforts to restore interception performance According to reports, Ukraine and its Western partners are working with Raytheon and Lockheed Martin to develop software and firmware updates for Patriot batteries. These updates aim to improve the interceptor’s predictive algorithms, enhance sensor fusion, and shorten the reaction cycle to counter unpredictable flight paths. Defence experts believe restoring high interception rates will require a combination of: Algorithmic updates to the Patriot’s fire-control systems. Enhanced radar data processing to detect late-stage manoeuvres sooner. Increased interceptor stockpiles to allow multiple engagements per target if necessary. The situation highlights how modern missile warfare increasingly depends on software evolution rather than purely hardware advances. The next phase for Ukraine and its allies will focus on adaptive algorithmic defence, where air defence systems learn from combat data to counter ever-changing missile tactics.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 10:59:54While the United States continues to criticize India for purchasing crude oil from Russia, several NATO member states have quietly increased their own imports of Russian energy, according to a recent Reuters report. Despite Western sanctions and strong political statements against Moscow, data reveals that European countries such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Croatia, Romania, Portugal, and Hungary have significantly raised their intake of Russian energy supplies. The figures highlight a clear trend of continued dependency on Russian energy within Europe. France’s imports of Russian energy have reportedly risen by 40%, while the Netherlands has recorded a 72% increase. Belgium saw a smaller rise of around 3%, but others showed far sharper growth: Croatia by 55%, Romania by 57%, and Portugal by an unexpected 167%. Hungary, which has maintained a more open energy relationship with Moscow, also recorded an 11% increase. At the EU level, overall dependence on Russian energy has been significantly reduced since 2022, with around 90% less reliance compared to pre-invasion levels. Nonetheless, in the first eight months of 2025, the EU still imported €11.4 billion worth of Russian energy, showing that complete energy independence from Russia remains a challenge. Much of this trade happens through indirect channels — refined petroleum products or shipments via intermediaries — which technically avoid direct violations of European Union sanctions. For example, Russian crude is often refined in third countries such as Turkey or India and then re-exported to European markets. This process allows European nations to access Russian-origin fuels while maintaining a formal stance of sanction compliance. Meanwhile, India has faced repeated criticism from U.S. and European officials for increasing its purchases of discounted Russian crude since 2022. Indian officials have consistently argued that their country’s energy imports are guided by national interest and economic necessity, emphasizing that Western countries themselves continue to engage with Russian energy in various forms. Energy experts point out that Europe’s dependence on Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) remains particularly strong. Despite attempts to diversify, Russia remains among the top LNG suppliers to several European states. This highlights the ongoing challenge of replacing Russian energy supplies without severely affecting domestic energy prices and industrial stability. The data underscores a complex reality: while Western governments push for sanctions and call for global restraint in buying Russian energy, several NATO members continue to rely heavily on it for their national energy security. The situation has prompted questions about double standards in how global partners — particularly India — are treated when navigating their own energy requirements in a volatile global market.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 10:48:31Nineteen people were missing and an unspecified number were killed after a large explosion tore through a U.S. military explosives plant on Friday, authorities said, as emergency teams searched the damaged site for survivors. The blast occurred at an Accurate Energetic Systems facility in the Bucksnort area of Hickman County, Tennessee. Aerial footage broadcast by U.S. media showed smoldering debris and charred, mangled vehicles across the factory grounds. Officials warned the public to avoid the area because of the risk of secondary explosions. Humphreys County Sheriff Chris Davis said investigators were still searching and that 19 people were unaccounted for. “At this time we have been able to confirm that we do have 19 souls that we’re looking for,” he told reporters. He confirmed there were fatalities but declined to give a number: “There are fatalities. I don’t want to put a number to that… I can tell you right now we are looking for 19 individuals.” Davis described the scene at the building struck by the explosion as completely destroyed. “There’s nothing to describe. It’s gone,” he said, and added that debris from the blast had been scattered across roughly half a square mile. He called the site the most severe he had seen in his career and acknowledged the strain on responders and the community: “It’s hell on us. It’s hell on everybody involved.” Officials said it was not immediately clear what triggered the explosion. Emergency and federal agencies were at the scene conducting searches and investigations while officials sought to identify victims and determine the cause. Authorities also noted the difficult and hazardous conditions at the site while they continued recovery work. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee said he was monitoring the situation and that state agencies were working with local and federal partners. “We ask Tennesseans to join us in prayer for the families impacted by this tragic incident,” he wrote on the social media platform X. Accurate Energetic Systems, founded in 1980, is an explosives manufacturer that supplies products to the U.S. Department of Defense and commercial markets, according to the company’s public materials. The company did not immediately respond to requests for comment. The Pentagon recently awarded the company a $120 million contract for the procurement of TNT, officials said. As investigators continued work at the site, officials acknowledged the wait for families of the missing and said they were prioritizing communication and support for those affected. Sheriff Davis noted the emotional toll on responders and relatives and said authorities were making efforts to be “very compassionate” toward families during the search and recovery operation.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 10:31:02Aselsan has announced the successful modernisation of its KORAL 100 land-based electronic warfare (EW) system, an asset used by the Turkish Armed Forces. The upgrade brings together newly developed subsystems and technologies from Aselsan to broaden the system’s operational capabilities while ensuring compatibility with Türkiye’s multi-layer air defence architecture. The modernised KORAL 100 expands frequency coverage and delivers increased output power, allowing the system to address a wider range of electromagnetic threats. A new AESA antenna with advanced beam-steering capability is part of the upgrade; this enhances the system’s ability to direct energy more precisely and to adapt its responses to changing tactical situations. In practical terms, the KORAL 100 can now provide simultaneous jamming and deception against multiple targets, improving its utility in complex electromagnetic environments. Aselsan described the system’s updated electronic support/electronic attack (ES/EA) features as adaptive. “With its adaptive ES/EA capabilities, KORAL 100 increases detection, suppression and deception effectiveness against agile and layered threats while protecting friendly elements and ensuring information superiority,” the company said. Those capabilities are aimed at improving situational awareness and counter-measure effectiveness during operations where rapid detection and timely response are critical. The modernised KORAL 100 has been integrated into Türkiye’s Steel Dome multi-layer air defence architecture. In this role, the system contributes to Suppression of Enemy Air Defences (SEAD) missions and to the protection of critical infrastructure by disrupting enemy sensors and communications that support hostile air operations. Aselsan stated the KORAL 100 is “ready for today’s threats and built for tomorrow’s scenarios,” reflecting the company’s emphasis on a platform that can operate against current challenges while remaining adaptable to future developments. Beyond the technical improvements, the modernisation is intended to support coordinated operations across air-defence and force-protection networks. The combination of broader frequency coverage, higher output power, and AESA beam control should enable more flexible employment concepts, including layered EW support and concurrent protection of multiple high-value assets. By enabling simultaneous jamming and deception of multiple targets, the KORAL 100 increases the options available to mission planners conducting SEAD, convoy protection, or critical site defence.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 10:03:38Afghanistan said on Sunday that its forces killed 58 Pakistani soldiers and captured 25 border posts in overnight operations, marking one of the most serious escalations between the two neighbors in recent years. The Taliban government stated the actions were in retaliation for what it called repeated violations of Afghanistan’s territory and airspace by Pakistan. Zabihullah Mujahid, the Taliban government’s chief spokesman, said at a press conference in Kabul that Afghan forces conducted “retaliatory and successful operations” along the border after earlier airstrikes allegedly carried out by Pakistan inside Afghan territory. According to Mujahid, 58 Pakistani soldiers were killed and 30 others wounded during the overnight clashes. “The situation on all official borders and de facto lines of Afghanistan is under complete control, and illegal activities have been largely prevented,” he said. There has been no official confirmation from Pakistan regarding the reported casualties. However, Pakistani officials said Afghan forces opened fire in several northwestern border districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province — including Chitral, Bajaur, Mohmand, Angoor Adda, and Kurram — prompting a strong response from Pakistani troops using heavy weaponry near Tirah in Khyber district and across the frontier in Afghanistan’s Nangarhar province. Earlier this week, Afghan authorities accused Pakistan of conducting airstrikes on Kabul and a market in eastern Afghanistan. Pakistan did not claim responsibility for the attacks but has previously carried out cross-border operations, targeting what it says are militant hideouts linked to the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Islamabad has long accused Kabul of harboring TTP members responsible for attacks inside Pakistan. The Taliban government denies these allegations, maintaining that it does not allow Afghan soil to be used against other countries. In response to Saturday night’s fighting, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said that the country’s forces had given a “befitting reply” to what he called Afghanistan’s provocations and had destroyed several Afghan positions, forcing them to retreat. The violence disrupted major trade and travel routes between the two countries. The Torkham and Chaman crossings — the main points of commercial exchange — remained closed on Sunday, halting the movement of goods and travelers. The Afghan Defense Ministry warned that its forces were “fully prepared to defend the nation’s borders” and would respond strongly if Pakistan again violated Afghanistan’s territorial integrity. The latest clashes highlight the growing strain in bilateral relations since the Taliban returned to power in 2021. Despite earlier attempts at cooperation, tensions along the 2,611-kilometer (1,622-mile) Durand Line have persisted. Afghanistan has never formally recognized the border, drawn during British colonial rule, as an international boundary. Regional powers have voiced concern over the situation. Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry issued a statement urging both sides to exercise restraint and resolve differences through dialogue. Riyadh recently signed a defense pact with Pakistan, which reportedly extends security cooperation between the two nations following heightened regional instability after Israel’s strike on Qatar. Analysts warn that continued military exchanges could destabilize an already volatile region, where militant groups operate across porous borders. Both sides appear unwilling to back down, raising fears of further escalation unless diplomatic channels are reopened.
Read More → Posted on 2025-10-12 09:49:05
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