South Korea Unveils Ambitious Drone Carrier Plan for Future Navy Operations

The Republic of Korea (ROK) Navy is taking bold steps toward transforming into a Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) fleet, centered around a new class of drone aircraft carriers designed to operate both manned and unmanned systems. This marks one of the most significant shifts in South Korea’s naval modernization strategy, as the country adapts to emerging challenges and manpower shortages.

A recent seminar held at the National Assembly in Seoul, led by Representative Yong-won Yoo, highlighted the Navy’s vision for a MUM-T Battle Group. The plan includes a new 30,000-ton class drone carrier, expected to enter service by the late 2030s, alongside upgrades to existing amphibious assault ships ROKS Dokdo and ROKS Marado to enable UAV operations.

Transition from CVX to Drone Carriers

The announcement confirms growing reports that South Korea’s earlier CVX light aircraft carrier program has been set aside in favor of the drone carrier initiative. The new approach emphasizes unmanned systems as part of the Sea GHOST initiative, designed to counter manpower shortages caused by the country’s declining population.

In fact, the Navy has already demonstrated proof-of-concept. Last year, a General Atomics Mojave STOL UAV successfully took off from ROKS Dokdo, sparking interest in repurposing the ship as a drone mothership. ROKS Dokdo is currently undergoing a Performance Improvement Program (PIP) at HJ Shipbuilding & Construction, and further modifications are expected to prepare it for UAV operations.

Shipbuilders Enter the Competition

South Korea’s leading shipbuilders are actively developing drone carrier concepts:

• Hanwha Ocean presented the Ghost Commander II, a 42,000-ton MUM-T command ship concept, measuring 240 meters in length and 60 meters in beam.

• HD Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) showcased its HCX-23 Plus, a 15,000-ton drone carrier, while also confirming the internal development of a 32,000-ton class design that is likely to be unveiled soon.

The rivalry between Hanwha and Hyundai mirrors the competition seen during the CVX program, and both firms are positioning themselves as key players in shaping South Korea’s naval future.

New Carrier-Based UCAVs in Development

On the aerospace side, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) has revealed plans for a new jet-powered Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) tailored for carrier operations. With a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 6 tons, stealth design, and modular mission systems, the UCAV will feature AESA radar, IRST, EOTS sensors, and the capability to carry MBDA’s Meteor beyond-visual-range missiles.

KAI is also considering a maritime patrol and ISR variant of the UCAV, broadening its operational scope beyond combat. Meanwhile, Korean Air continues to develop its KUS-LW loyal wingman UAV and KUS-X, both expected to play roles aboard future drone carriers.

Support Systems for the Future Fleet

To support the deployment of heavy unmanned aircraft, the South Korean government is also pursuing the development of a 20-ton-class Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS). This would allow the drone carriers to launch heavier UCAVs and enhance operational flexibility.

A Leap Toward Next-Generation Naval Power

With its MUM-T fleet vision, South Korea aims to integrate advanced unmanned platforms into traditional naval operations, creating a hybrid battle group capable of manned-unmanned synergy. The initiative reflects Seoul’s determination to stay ahead in naval warfare technologies and adapt to future strategic realities in the Indo-Pacific.

If successful, the ROK Navy’s drone carriers could become a model for future naval forces worldwide, combining cost-effectiveness, reduced manpower requirements, and enhanced operational capabilities.