Leaked Russian Documents Reveal Plans to Produce Over 1,000 T-90M2 Tanks by 2029

In October 2025, leaked Russian military documents revealed plans to produce over 1,000 units of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 main battle tank by 2029. This initiative aims to bolster Russia's armored capabilities, particularly in response to losses incurred during the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

T-90M2 Ryvok-1: Specifications

The T-90M2 Ryvok-1, also known as Object 188M2, is an advanced variant of the T-90M main battle tank. Key specifications include:

• Engine: V-92S2F multi-fuel diesel engine producing 1,130 horsepower, providing a power-to-weight ratio of approximately 23.5 hp/ton.

• Armament: 125mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore gun capable of firing a variety of munitions, including guided missiles.

• Armor: Composite and reactive armor enhancements for improved protection against modern anti-tank threats.

• Active Protection System: Arena-M system to intercept incoming projectiles.

• Crew Compartment: Redesigned for enhanced ergonomics and situational awareness, featuring larger video-observation displays.

• Transmission: Upgraded to address mechanical issues and include a reverse gear.

Production Plans and Timeline

According to the leaked documents, Uralvagonzavod, Russia's primary tank manufacturer, plans to initiate limited production of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 in 2026, starting with 10 units. Production is expected to increase significantly, with a total of 1,118 units of both T-90M and T-90M2 tanks planned for completion between 2027 and 2029. The broader program, covering 2026–2036, aims to produce, modernize, or overhaul a total of 1,783 T-90M and T-90M2 tanks.

Current Fleet and Operational Context

As of late 2025, Russia's T-90 fleet has experienced significant attrition in the conflict with Ukraine. Estimates suggest that between 540 and 630 T-90M tanks have been produced since the war's onset, with over 130 destroyed in combat. This leaves approximately 410 to 500 units in service, constituting about 15% of the tanks deployed on the front lines. The T-90M2 Ryvok-1 is intended to replace these losses and enhance Russia's armored forces.

Strategic Implications

The accelerated production of the T-90M2 Ryvok-1 reflects Russia's strategic emphasis on rebuilding its armored capabilities. The integration of advanced technologies and design improvements aims to enhance the tank's effectiveness in modern warfare scenarios. However, challenges such as production bottlenecks and the need for skilled personnel may impact the timely delivery of these tanks.

The T-90M2 Ryvok-1 represents a significant advancement in Russia's main battle tank fleet, combining lessons learned from ongoing conflicts with technological enhancements. Its successful integration into service will depend on the resolution of production and logistical challenges.