India Successfully Conducts 12-Minute Full-Scale Actively Cooled Scramjet Engine Test for Hypersonic Cruise Missile

Hyderabad, India  : India has recorded a major breakthrough in next-generation missile propulsion with the successful long-duration ground test of a full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor by the Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), a key laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

The test, conducted at DRDL’s advanced Scramjet Connect Pipe Test (SCPT) Facility, achieved a continuous run time of over 12 minutes, marking a critical endurance benchmark for air-breathing hypersonic propulsion and significantly strengthening India’s Hypersonic Cruise Missile development roadmap.

Progression From Subscale Validation to Full-Scale Endurance

The January 2026 success builds on the subscale long-duration scramjet test conducted on April 25, 2025, which demonstrated sustained supersonic combustion under controlled conditions. Scaling the system to a full-scale, actively cooled combustor required major advances in high-temperature materials, thermal management, fuel injection control and structural endurance under extreme hypersonic operating environments.

DRDO officials confirmed that both the scramjet combustor and the SCPT test facility were indigenously designed by DRDL and realised with strong participation from Indian industry partners. The SCPT facility can reproduce high-enthalpy airflow and prolonged thermal loads, allowing realistic simulation of hypersonic cruise conditions during ground testing.

Operational Advantages of a Full-Scale Actively Cooled Scramjet Combustor

Compared with current experimental or partially cooled scramjet engines used in hypersonic programmes worldwide, a full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor offers decisive operational advantages. Active cooling enables the engine to withstand extreme thermal loads for much longer durations, preventing structural degradation at sustained Mach-5-plus speeds. This directly translates into greater range, higher mission endurance and improved reliability, allowing hypersonic cruise missiles to maintain high speed throughout their flight rather than for short bursts.

The full-scale configuration also ensures realistic thrust generation and combustion stability, reducing performance uncertainties when transitioning from ground tests to operational flight. Collectively, these benefits make actively cooled full-scale scramjet systems a critical enabler for true long-range, persistent hypersonic cruise missiles, rather than limited-duration demonstrators.

Enabling India’s Hypersonic Cruise Missile Programme

Hypersonic Cruise Missiles are designed to fly at speeds exceeding Mach 5, or more than 6,100 km per hour, for extended durations within the atmosphere. Unlike rocket-powered systems, scramjet engines are air-breathing, using atmospheric oxygen to sustain combustion, which improves efficiency and range while enabling sustained high-speed flight.

The successful SCPT run validated the aerothermal design, active cooling architecture and long-duration combustion stability of India’s scramjet engine—key prerequisites before progressing to integrated engine-airframe testing and flight trials.

Leadership Applauds Strategic Breakthrough

Rajnath Singh, Raksha Mantri of India, congratulated DRDO, industry partners and academic collaborators, stating that the achievement provides a strong technological foundation for India’s Hypersonic Cruise Missile Development Programme and reflects growing national self-reliance in critical defence technologies.

Samir V Kamat, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman of DRDO, praised the teams involved, calling the test a landmark step in mastering complex hypersonic propulsion systems.

Global Context and India’s Position

Globally, hypersonic cruise missile capability remains extremely limited. While countries such as the United States and China continue to develop and test hypersonic systems, Russia is currently assessed as the only nation to have fully developed and operationalised hypersonic cruise missile systems.

India’s successful long-duration full-scale scramjet test significantly narrows the technological gap and places the country among the most advanced developers of air-breathing hypersonic propulsion.

DRDO officials indicated that the validated scramjet engine will now support integrated engine-airframe evaluations, followed by controlled flight trials under the hypersonic technology demonstrator programme. The January 2026 milestone is expected to accelerate India’s progress toward an indigenous hypersonic cruise missile capability.

The achievement underscores India’s growing mastery of advanced propulsion, extreme-temperature engineering and complex ground-test infrastructure—key pillars for future strategic deterrence in the hypersonic era.