France Expands Rafale Fleet and Strengthens Nuclear Deterrence in Major Defence Overhaul

France is set to expand its air power and enhance its nuclear deterrence as part of a broader military modernization effort. President Emmanuel Macron has announced plans to procure additional Rafale multirole fighter jets, reinforcing both conventional and nuclear capabilities amid rising global tensions.

Boosting the Rafale Fleet

The French Air and Space Force will acquire 40 new Rafale jets, forming two new squadrons dedicated to nuclear missions. This follows a previous order of 30 additional aircraft—20 for the Air Force and 10 for the Navy. Currently, France operates a fleet of 108 Rafale jets in the Air and Space Force and 41 in the Navy.

To meet the growing demand, Rafale manufacturer Dassault Aviation is ramping up production. The company plans to increase its output from two aircraft per month in 2024 to five per month by 2026. This production surge ensures a steady supply of advanced fighter jets to support France’s evolving defence strategy.

Upgrading Nuclear Infrastructure

In parallel with expanding the Rafale fleet, France is making significant investments in its nuclear infrastructure. Base aérienne 116 in Luxeuil-Saint Sauveur, home to nuclear-capable aircraft, will undergo a major €1.5 billion upgrade. These improvements will prepare the base for the future Rafale F5 variant, expected to enter service by 2035.

France’s airborne nuclear capability currently relies on the ASMP-A missile, which carries tactical nuclear warheads. However, development is underway for its successor—the ASN4G hypersonic missile—which will provide enhanced speed, range, and penetration capabilities against modern air defence systems.

Strategic Defence Expansion

President Macron has framed these initiatives as essential for maintaining France’s strategic autonomy and reinforcing European security. He has called for an increase in defence spending to between 3% and 3.5% of GDP, compared to the current level of just over 2%. This proposed budget increase reflects France’s commitment to strengthening its military in response to growing geopolitical challenges.

With an expanded Rafale fleet, upgraded nuclear infrastructure, and a focus on advanced weaponry, France is positioning itself as a leading military power in Europe. These measures ensure the credibility of its nuclear deterrent and reinforce its ability to respond to future threats.