France Begins Welding First Steel Plates for Europe’s Largest Aircraft Carrier " PA-NG " with Two Nuclear Reactors

On September 25, 2025, Naval Group’s Cherbourg shipyard commenced welding of the first steel plate for the nuclear confinement enclosures of the Porte-Avions Nouvelle Génération (PA-NG), marking the official start of physical construction for France’s next-generation nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. This milestone follows a series of preliminary design and planning phases, including the completion of nuclear reactor studies in 2023.

The PA-NG is designed to replace the current French aircraft carrier, Charles de Gaulle, which is expected to remain in service until the late 2030s. The new carrier aims to enhance France’s naval capabilities with advanced technologies and increased operational flexibility.

Budget and Funding

The estimated cost for the PA-NG project is between €8 billion and €10 billion. This budget includes design, construction, and integration of advanced systems, including the nuclear propulsion units and aviation facilities. The project represents a significant investment in France’s naval defense infrastructure.

Design and Specifications

• Length: Approximately 310 meters

• Beam: 85 meters

• Displacement: Approximately 78,000 tonnes

• Speed: 27 knots

• Air Wing Capacity: Designed to accommodate up to 30 aircraft, including fighters, unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), and helicopters

• Flight Deck Area: Approximately 17,200 square meters

• Nuclear Propulsion: Equipped with two K22 nuclear reactors, each providing 220 MW, ensuring extended operational range and reduced logistical dependencies

Construction and Manufacturing

The PA-NG is a collaborative program involving multiple organizations:

• Naval Group: Responsible for overall warship architecture, including aviation facilities and combat systems

• TechnicAtome: Tasked with design and integration of nuclear propulsion systems

• Chantiers de l’Atlantique: Handles platform production and ship assembly

• MO Porte-Avions: A joint venture between Naval Group (65%) and Chantiers de l’Atlantique (35%), overseeing program management

Production Timeline

While the initial steel cutting has begun, the main construction phase is scheduled to start around 2031, with sea trials projected for 2035. The PA-NG is expected to enter service around 2038, coinciding with the planned retirement of the Charles de Gaulle.

Strategic Importance

The PA-NG represents a significant advancement in France’s naval capabilities, providing enhanced power projection and operational flexibility. Its nuclear propulsion system offers extended operational range, while its advanced flight deck and aviation facilities support a diverse air wing. The carrier’s design and construction are integral to maintaining France’s strategic presence on the global stage.

As the project progresses, further details on the PA-NG’s systems and capabilities are expected to be released, providing a clearer picture of its role in the future of the French Navy.