First Cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Reported in Bengaluru India

Amid a growing surge in respiratory illnesses in China, India has reported its first cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Bengaluru. Two infants, an eight-month-old currently recovering in the hospital and a three-month-old who has been discharged, mark the first documented cases of HMPV in the country. While China battles a significant HMPV outbreak alongside other respiratory viruses such as influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, hospitals there are reportedly overwhelmed with patients suffering from severe respiratory symptoms.

Strengthened Surveillance and Guidelines Across Indian States

In response to the HMPV detection and the alarming situation in China, several Indian states have initiated precautionary measures to prevent a potential outbreak. Delhi health authorities have released detailed guidelines focusing on enhanced surveillance, prevention, and isolation protocols. Hospitals have been instructed to report cases of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) via the Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP). These measures are part of efforts to monitor and contain any rise in respiratory illnesses effectively.

Delhi’s top health official, Dr. Vandana Bagga, recently held a meeting with chief district medical officers and the state programme officer from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) to assess preparedness for managing respiratory infections.

Other states have also ramped up their efforts. Maharashtra has intensified the monitoring of SARI and ILI cases, though health authorities have assured the public there is no immediate cause for concern. Kerala's Health Minister, Veena George, has urged high-risk groups—including pregnant women, children, and the elderly—to adopt preventive measures, such as wearing masks. Similarly, Telangana has issued advisories emphasizing that no HMPV cases have been detected in the state.

In Andhra Pradesh, Dr. Padmavathi, Director of Public Health and Family Welfare, has encouraged the public to remain calm and take basic precautions. "By following simple preventive measures, we can protect ourselves and our loved ones from HMPV," she said.

These state-level initiatives follow reassurance from the Union Health Ministry, which emphasized there is no need for alarm regarding HMPV. The Ministry has reiterated the importance of basic hygiene and preventive practices to mitigate the risk of respiratory illnesses.

Understanding HMPV: Symptoms, Transmission, and Prevention

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), first identified in 2001, is a respiratory virus that can range from causing mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory complications, particularly in vulnerable populations. While unrelated to COVID-19, HMPV shares similarities in transmission methods—via respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces—and symptoms.

Common Symptoms:

• Cough
• Wheezing
• Runny nose
• Fever
• Sore throat

In high-risk groups, such as young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals, HMPV can lead to severe respiratory complications requiring hospitalization. Symptoms typically appear 3–6 days after exposure.

Transmission:

HMPV spreads through direct contact with infected individuals, respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, and contact with contaminated surfaces. Practices like handshaking and touching the face can also facilitate the virus's spread.

Treatment and Vaccination:

Currently, there is no vaccine available for HMPV. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, and individuals experiencing severe complications, such as difficulty breathing, are advised to seek immediate medical care.

Preventive Measures:

To reduce the risk of HMPV and other respiratory infections, health authorities recommend the following:

• Wash hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use an alcohol-based sanitizer.
• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Wear masks in crowded places or around sick individuals.
• Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
• Isolate yourself if you feel unwell.

Individuals with pre-existing lung conditions or weakened immune systems are advised to exercise extra caution and strictly follow preventive measures.

A Call for Vigilance

As India detects its first HMPV cases amidst rising concerns in China, public health officials stress the importance of vigilance and adherence to preventive guidelines. While there is no immediate threat, proactive measures and heightened awareness will play a crucial role in mitigating the spread of respiratory illnesses.