DRDO Begins Development of Space Robotics for In-Orbit Applications

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has started work on an advanced program to develop in-orbit robotics for space applications. The project is being led by scientist Kiran Akella and aims to complete its first operational phase by 2027. This initiative is seen as a major step in strengthening India’s indigenous capabilities in robotics, artificial intelligence, and aerospace engineering.

The project will design legged robotic systems that can operate in zero-gravity and low-gravity environments. Unlike conventional robotic arms, these robots will have mobility to move across spacecraft surfaces and carry out complex activities. They will be capable of performing tasks such as inspection, maintenance, assembly, refuelling, and even repair work in orbit. This would reduce the need for human spacewalks and improve the sustainability of long-duration missions.

One of the key objectives is to support India’s growing presence in space and to align with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The robots will have multiple uses including satellite servicing, orbital debris removal, on-orbit assembly of large structures like the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station, and inspection of spacecraft to ensure safety and reliability.

DRDO’s technical work in this area will cover advanced fields such as pose estimation through vision and AI-based systems, autonomous operations with minimal human control, and sensing technologies that combine data from multiple inputs for accurate navigation and task execution. The robots will be built using lightweight and radiation-resistant materials to ensure they can function effectively during long missions in space.

Although the initial focus is on space, the technology also has clear defence applications. Legged robots can be adapted for use in challenging terrains on Earth, including high-altitude regions, caves, and tunnels where wheeled or tracked vehicles face limitations. Such robots could assist the Indian Armed Forces in reconnaissance, logistics, and engineering operations in hazardous environments.

Globally, organisations like NASA and the European Space Agency have already advanced in robotic systems for orbital work. India’s approach, however, is unique in focusing on legged robotics, which offer more flexibility than traditional designs. This development could also open the door for future collaborations with countries such as France and Japan, both of which are active in robotic servicing research.

By 2027, DRDO expects to demonstrate the first phase of this capability, including robotic satellite docking, orbital debris management, and early construction of modular structures in orbit. These systems could later be integrated with ISRO missions, including future stages of Gaganyaan, lunar exploration projects, and deep-space missions. For the defence sector, ruggedised versions of these robots could be introduced by the end of the decade to strengthen battlefield support and logistics in difficult conditions.

The success of this program would provide India with independent capability in a field where only a few nations have progressed, ensuring both civilian and military benefits from the same line of technological development.