China’s Jiaolong Deep-Sea Research Vessel set for Sea Trials After Major Upgrades

China’s renowned deep-sea research submersible, Jiaolong, is set to re-enter the waters for sea trials following a series of significant technological upgrades. Named after a mythical sea dragon, Jiaolong is one of the most advanced manned deep-sea submersibles, capable of reaching depths beyond 7,000 meters (23,000 feet). These latest enhancements, aimed at boosting its efficiency, safety, and autonomy, reaffirm China’s commitment to deep-sea exploration and scientific research.

Cutting-Edge Upgrades for Deeper and Smarter Exploration

Jiaolong’s latest modifications include a high-energy-density lithium battery system, which will extend its operational endurance, allowing for longer and more intensive deep-sea missions. Additionally, the new low-noise propulsion system minimizes sound emissions, making the submersible ideal for studying marine ecosystems without disturbing aquatic life.

Other major improvements include:

• Enhanced Hydraulic Systems – Greater precision in underwater maneuverability, crucial for collecting delicate biological and geological samples.
• Upgraded Video Transmission Technology – Real-time high-definition visuals for clearer observation and analysis of deep-sea environments.
• Advanced Fault Diagnosis Systems – Smart monitoring capabilities to detect and address technical issues in real-time, ensuring safer dives.

Following extensive tank tests, Jiaolong will undergo sea trials in the South China Sea, where engineers will evaluate the effectiveness of these upgrades in real-world conditions.

A Proven Record of Deep-Sea Exploration

Since its development, Jiaolong has undertaken over 300 successful deep-sea dives, exploring some of the world's most mysterious underwater regions. In 2012, it made history by descending 7,062 meters into the Mariana Trench, setting a national record. While this was later surpassed by China's Fendouzhe submersible, which reached over 10,000 meters in 2020, Jiaolong remains a cornerstone of China’s deep-sea research efforts.

Some of its most notable missions include:

• 2010 – Planted a Chinese flag at the bottom of the South China Sea, sparking geopolitical debates.
• 2015 – Collected samples from a hydrothermal vent in the Indian Ocean, aiding deep-sea mineral research.
• 2023 – Completed its first crewed deep-sea scientific expedition in the Atlantic Ocean, conducting 46 dives to collect biological, chemical, and geological samples.

Additionally, in August 2023, Jiaolong embarked on a mission to explore seamounts—massive underwater mountains, some of the least-studied formations on Earth. During this expedition, a team of 60 international scientists collected over 600 biological samples, identifying a dozen potential new species.

China’s Expanding Oceanic Ambitions

Jiaolong’s modernization aligns with China's broader strategy to dominate deep-sea exploration and resource development. As part of this effort, China has also upgraded the Dayang Yihao (Ocean No.1) research vessel, equipping it with remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) to enhance deep-sea resource surveys.

With cutting-edge technology and an ever-growing fleet of research vessels, China is positioning itself as a global leader in oceanic exploration. From deep-sea mining and marine biodiversity studies to mapping the uncharted depths of the world's oceans, Jiaolong remains at the forefront of this ambitious vision.

As it prepares for its upcoming trials, this legendary sea dragon is once again ready to dive into the unknown, unraveling the secrets of the ocean’s abyss.