Brazilian Army Weighs Indian and Chinese Air Defence Artillery Systems for Purchase

The Brazilian Army is embarking on an unexpected yet significant evaluation to acquire high-altitude air defence artillery systems from either India or China. This move has stirred the Brazilian defence market, as it was previously assumed that the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) would be solely responsible for such high-altitude defence measures, while the Army would focus on short and medium-range projects.

In November 2023, the Brazilian Army issued a Request for Quote (RFQ) to assess the prices of medium-altitude air defence systems available both nationally and internationally. This was followed by a second RFQ in February 2024 to gather more detailed information. This proactive stance underscores the urgency and priority the Army is placing on enhancing its air defence capabilities.

During a public hearing at the Committee on Foreign Relations and National Defence (CREDN) of the Chamber of Deputies in April 2024, Army Commander General Tomás Miguel Paiva expressed his concerns about the country's air defence gaps. He highlighted that Brazil is “relatively protected” up to an altitude of 3,000 meters but lacks advanced technologies for higher altitudes. To address this, General Paiva suggested a “government-to-government” agreement with India to procure the Akash medium-range anti-aircraft missile system, showcasing a strategic inclination towards Indian defence technology.

The general's advocacy for a strategic and pragmatic approach within the BRICS framework is evident in his engagements. He emphasized that Brazil should maintain a balanced and non-ideological stance in its international defence relations. This outlook aligns with his actions, as he prepares for an official ten-day visit to China next month. During this visit, he aims to evaluate the capabilities of China's defence industrial base and explore opportunities for bilateral cooperation.

This visit follows a previous delegation trip to China, where Brazilian military officials observed live-fire demonstrations of the DK-10 medium-altitude surface-to-air missile system, also known as Sky Dragon 50 or Tianlong-50, and the SH15 self-propelled howitzer. Both of these systems are produced by China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO), a state-owned enterprise. The performance of these systems during the demonstrations left a lasting impression on the Brazilian delegation, showcasing China’s advanced capabilities in air defence technology.

General Paiva’s previous official visit to India further solidifies the Army’s consideration of Indian technology. The Akash missile system, known for its reliability and effectiveness, represents a viable option for enhancing Brazil’s medium-altitude air defence.

The Brazilian Army’s evaluation process reflects a broader shift in the country’s defence strategy. By considering high-altitude air defence systems from both India and China, Brazil is not only addressing its immediate defence needs but also strengthening its ties within the BRICS alliance. This move signals a forward-thinking approach to national security, emphasizing technological advancement and international cooperation.