61 Nations Endorse Responsible AI in Military Summit, Highlighting Human Control Over Technology
The Responsible AI in Military Summit, held in South Korea, brought together experts and government representatives from across the globe to discuss the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern warfare. With 61 countries endorsing a non-binding blueprint, the summit aimed to address the pressing need for human oversight and control over AI technologies, especially as they become increasingly integrated into military operations.
Held over two days, this international summit drew around 2,000 participants, including experts and representatives from over 90 countries. South Korea, together with co-hosts the Netherlands, Singapore, Kenya, and the UK, set the stage for meaningful conversations about the ethical, legal, and security implications of AI use in warfare. The global dialogue underscored the importance of establishing responsible AI frameworks to prevent its misuse.
### Human Judgment at the Core
South Korean Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun, in his opening address, emphasized both the potential benefits and risks of AI in military applications. He pointed out that while AI can enhance military capabilities, if left unchecked, it could lead to catastrophic consequences. One of the key takeaways from the summit was the consensus on maintaining human control in AI-driven military operations. The Responsible AI in the Military Domain (REAIM) blueprint, endorsed by 61 nations, stressed the need for "appropriate human involvement" at all stages of AI deployment, from development to use on the battlefield.
A recurring example cited during the event was Ukraine’s use of AI-enabled drones in its ongoing conflict with Russia. The example underscored both the efficiency and risks of AI technology in warfare, showcasing its potential to alter the nature of military engagements. However, the REAIM blueprint was clear in stating that AI in military settings must adhere to both national and international laws, ensuring that human judgment remains central, particularly concerning decisions involving the use of force.
### Blueprint for Responsible AI
The REAIM Blueprint for Action, a key document endorsed at the summit, was organized into three major sections: the impact of AI on international peace and security, the implementation of responsible AI in the military domain, and the future governance of military AI. The 20-clause document also highlighted the importance of preventing AI from exacerbating global threats such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) or its use by terrorist organizations. This concern reflects the broader anxieties of many nations about AI’s potential to destabilize the world order if used irresponsibly.
The blueprint acknowledged that nations must take responsibility for ensuring that AI capabilities are developed and deployed following both national and international laws. A key feature was the call for risk assessments and confidence-building measures among states, with a focus on preventing malicious actors from gaining access to AI-driven military technology.
### Global Participation and Key Players
While 61 nations signed the document, some notable absentees were China, which opted out of the declaration, and Russia, which was not invited due to its ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The summit's exclusion of Russia marked the second consecutive year it had been left out, a reflection of the international condemnation of its invasion of Ukraine. The absence of China and Russia from the summit demonstrated the complex geopolitical landscape surrounding AI governance in military contexts.
Dutch Defense Minister Ruben Brekelmans acknowledged the challenge of achieving global consensus, noting that universal participation might be an unattainable goal. "We also need to be realistic that we will never have the whole world on board," Brekelmans stated, suggesting that this reality must be factored into future discussions. Despite this, he emphasized the importance of continuing the dialogue and advancing responsible AI practices globally.
The summit in Seoul followed last year’s inaugural session in The Hague, where initial guidelines on AI use in warfare were discussed. However, this year's summit was more action-oriented. As Brekelmans noted, "Last year was more about creating shared understanding; now we are moving toward action." This shift reflects a growing urgency to put into practice the principles of responsible AI, particularly as the technology rapidly evolves.
### Looking Ahead: UN General Assembly
South Korea has expressed its intention to continue the discussions from this summit at the upcoming United Nations General Assembly. By pushing forward with the framework established during the summit, the goal is to make AI use in military settings safer, more regulated, and governed by international norms. As the conversations continue, the hope is that more countries will come on board, committing to responsible AI usage in the military domain and ensuring that human control remains at the heart of any AI-enabled warfare.
The summit's outcomes, while not legally binding, are a critical step towards ensuring AI is used responsibly in military contexts, reducing the risks of unintended consequences, and maintaining global peace and security.
