Tripura and Meghalaya Completely Free of AFSPA, Partial Withdrawals in Other Northeastern States

The northeastern region of India has seen significant changes in its security landscape, marked by the reduction and withdrawal of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA). This controversial law, which grants sweeping powers to the armed forces in "disturbed areas," has been a subject of intense debate and criticism for decades. However, recent developments indicate a positive shift, with Tripura and Meghalaya being completely free of AFSPA and partial withdrawals in several other states.

AFSPA was enacted in 1958 to address insurgency and maintain public order in regions declared as disturbed areas. The law empowers armed forces to search, arrest, and even open fire if necessary, without prior warrants. While proponents argue that AFSPA is essential for national security, critics contend that it leads to human rights violations and excessive use of force.

In a written response to a question in the Lok Sabha, Union Minister of State for Home Nityanand Rai detailed the current status of AFSPA in the northeast. According to Rai, there has been a considerable reduction in the number of disturbed areas under AFSPA. Notably, Tripura and Meghalaya are now completely free of the law. Tripura saw the withdrawal of AFSPA on May 27, 2015, followed by Meghalaya on April 1, 2018.

In Assam, AFSPA has been withdrawn from all districts except four. The situation in Arunachal Pradesh has also improved, with the law now applicable only in three police station areas in Namsai district and three other districts: Tirap, Changlang, and Longding. Manipur has seen the withdrawal of AFSPA from 19 police station areas in seven districts, while in Nagaland, the law is now applicable only in eight districts and 21 police station areas across five other districts.

The significant reduction in AFSPA-covered areas reflects the improved security situation in the northeast. Minister Rai highlighted that since 2014, there has been a 71 percent reduction in insurgency incidents, a 60 percent decrease in the deaths of security personnel, and an 82 percent drop in civilian fatalities by 2023. These statistics underscore the enhanced stability and peace in the region.

The phased withdrawal of AFSPA is seen as a step towards restoring normalcy and addressing the longstanding grievances of the local population. The law has often been criticized for its alleged misuse and the lack of accountability for security forces. The reduction in AFSPA's footprint signifies the central government's confidence in the improved security scenario and its commitment to promoting peace and development in the northeast.

The complete withdrawal of AFSPA from Tripura and Meghalaya, along with partial withdrawals in other states, marks a significant milestone in the region's journey towards peace and stability. As the security situation continues to improve, there is hope that the remaining areas under AFSPA will also see similar changes, paving the way for a more peaceful and prosperous northeastern India.